Reviews (2)

A real page-turner
This book kept me up late night after night! Jack Shepherd is a good storyteller, and goes into the background of John Quincy and Louisa Catherine to help us understand why they became the people they did. (I had no idea that John Quincy was a frustrated party guy who roamed the Boston Common at night!)

He also goes into great detail, describing society during each of John Quincy's diplomatic posts, so that we feel like we're part of that era. I also learned a lot of history, and have a better appreciation for the fragile democracy that existed between the American Revolution and the Civil War.

The first part of the book is especially lively, describing their courtship and wedding. I thought the book lost a little steam at the end (or maybe I was losing steam, since they lead such full lives!) I agree that the book leaves me wanting more, only because it focuses more on their personal lives, rather than John Quincy's career, which I want to explore more now.

I definitely recommend this book as an easy-to-read and well-researched document about two Americans who sacrificed so much of themselves for their country, yet have been forgotten.

Left me wanting more
This biography of the cranky JQA and his gentle wife, Louisa Catherine, got off to a good start. It opens with a vivid account of their wedding at the church of All Hallows Barking. Unfortunately, Shepard never delves deep enough into the volatile relationship between the president and his "fine lady." I was left wondering WHAT exactly they felt for one another. Did they love one another, despite the pain each inflicted? I think so....but this biography does not provide the answer. The hauntingly beautiful quote that the title is taken from says more than the entire book: "It was a marriage of light to shadow, of spring to winter, of heart to cannibal..." There are some good moments toward the end. The description of an aged JQA's triumphant tour through the states he loved is fantastic (his disgusted daughter-in-law got sick of the cheering crowds and went home!) I would reccomend Paul Nagel's "Descent from Glory" over this. ... Read more

Book Description

At the pinnacle of his career, Sir James Douglas, fur trader and colonial governor, was knighted by the order of Queen Victoria, and greatly enjoyed the pomp of his position. Considering his modest beginnings as a mixed-race baby in South America, this lofty status was remarkable.

The life of Amelia, companion throughout James' long rise, saw even more suprising changes. Amelia was of mixed blood too, being part-Cree, part-Scot. She never left the northern Canadian forests until she married James, but ended up a respected lady of the Empire.

Between them, James and Amelia Douglas knew everybody who was anybody in western North America. Their lives saw astonishing contrasts, from crossing North America by canoe to touring Europe by train, from Native uprisings to frantic gold rushes. They met with grief as well as glory, losing seven of their beloved children. Old Square-Toes and His Lady is a story of the adventure, heartbreak and devotion that lies at the roots of western Canada. ... Read more

Book Description

This book offers readers a concise introduction to Atwood's published novels and the central themes motivating her writing. The volume starts with an overview of the author's biography and the relationship of her writing to relevant literary traditions. Because Atwood is internationally renowned, many commentaries ignore the Canadian roots of her work. Cooke corrects this oversight by sketching the ways in which her work is shaped by, and has shaped, the Canadian literary scene. As the author of a full-length Atwood biography, Cooke is able to summarize feminist, Canadian nationalist, and postmodern influences on Atwood's work and on her development as a writer. The book offers close scrutiny of three illustrative works: Cat's Eye as the artist novel, The Handmaid's Tale as a dystopian novel, and The Blind Assassin as a villainess novel. ... Read more

Book Description

Pierre Julien: Sculptor to Queen Marie-Antoinette is a scholarly study of the artist (1731–1804) who rose from humble beginnings, the son of an illiterate carpenter, to become professor at the Paris Académie and director of the sculptural decoration at Marie-Antoinette’s dairy at Rambouillet (1785–87), a surprise gift from Louis XVI. A moderate during the Revolution, Julien became one of the original members of the Institut National (1795). He executed life-size marble statues, part of the Great Men series, small works in terra cotta, and mythological figures such as Ganymede, Narcissus, and Cupid. His masterpieces are Amalthea, or Girl with Goat, the centerpiece at Rambouillet, and two statues in the Louvre: the Dying Gladiator, his reception-piece to the Académie, and Jean de La Fontaine, a statue of the author of Fables.

The first major study of Pierre Julien in a hundred years, Pierre Julien: Sculptor to Queen Marie-Antoinette celebrates the 200th anniversary of the sculptorÂ’s death and coincides with the exhibition in Le Puy, France (Spring 2004). This volume is indispensable to art historians and anyone interested in the colorful period in French history between the age of Louis XV and the rise of Napoleon.

Book Description

This is the second edition of Muslims in America-Seven Centuries of History (1312-2000) by Amir Muhammad. The author who has become well known through his traveling musuem of 'Muslims in America'has dug out new information about the presence of Muslims in early America and their continued contributions to the enrichment of American Society. It is a small book packed with much information for further reserach and reflection. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

GREAT BRIEF HISTORY OF MUSLIMS IN EARLY AMERICAN HISTORY
THIS IS A GREAT BOOK FOR THOSE WHO WANT A BRIEF HISTORY OF MUSLIMS IN EARLY AMERICA. THIS BOOK FOCUSES MAINLY ON MUSLIMS WHO WERE BROUGHT HERE AS SLAVES AND WHAT BECAME OF THEM. SOME BECAME MEMBERS OF THE CALVERY OR BOUGHT THIER FREEDOM AND RETURNED TO AFRICA. THERE WAS THE PRINCE OF SLAVES ,CALLED SO BECAUSE HE WAS A PRINCE WHEN HE WAS CAPTURED, THERE WAS BROTHER YARRO WHO LIVED IN GEORGETOWN IN WASHINGTON, D.C. THERE IS ALSO INFORMATION AND PICTURES ON BURIAL SITES AND SLAVE LIVNG QUARTERS AND WELL AS PICTURES OF THE MUSLIM SLAVES THEMSELVES. THEN THERE IS THE STORY OF THE FIRST NATIVE BORN MUSLIM CONVERT WHO WAS A CAUCASIAN. THERE IS MUCH MORE OFFERED IN THIS MODEST WORK. ... Read more

Book Description

Although Margaret Atwood has been the subject of a great deal of literary criticism and commentary, this is the first biography of the celebrated author, poet, critic, and social activist whose critically and popularly acclaimed works include Surfacing, Cat's Eye, The Handmaid's Tale, and Alias Grace. The Atwood who emerges in these pages is an intense and driven woman, struggling daily to balance the demands of her own artistic perfectionism with her commitment to enjoying a rich and varied private life. Nathalie Cooke (a former president of the Margaret Atwood Society) traces an astonishing network of interconnections that weaves its way through Atwood's past and present: friends, lovers, wives, and husbands who become each others' publishers, editors, promoters, and critics. Cooke follows the web, and along the way discloses some of Atwood's most painful and personal moments, including broken engagements, betrayals, and divorce. This biography follows Atwood's development as a major figure in the evolution of contemporary Canadian literature and culture, and at the same time chronicles the reception of her works and her own ongoing creation of her public persona. ... Read more

Reviews (3)

Not at all about Margaret Atwood!
A horrifyingly trite view on such a beloved author. The writing was commonish and rather juvenile. Chock full of the author's personal life, not that of Atwood.

Doesn't even try.
Admittedly, any biography of Margaret Atwood has some intrinsic fascination--both for what readers do know about Atwood, and what we don't. We know that she is a very gifted and, above all, a morally serious writer; she is one of only a few writers alive today whose reputation and popular appeal rest on her concern with terrifying political issues. But the same thing has happened to Atwood as has happened to other writers in this situation: her readers and critics have come to know her mainly by reputation, even after reading everything she has written. Thus although she is one of today's most studied, quoted, and in some ways feared literary figures, little new is actually said about her, the positive pole focusing on her Cassandra-like gifts and the negative on her being a disgruntled woman. Neither does Atwood justice and this biography does very little to change that. We are indeed presented with a gifted and apparently rather complex human being, her friends speak of her with affection and some fear, but much as Atwood speaks of her cult with contempt, the culty atmosphere surrounding her is never dispelled and one is left with the uncomfortable feeling that the writer encourages it because, perhaps, she does not have the faith that human beings will listen to her painful messages without it. While it is admirable of Atwood to resist sexist stereotyping as a "witch," it is permissible for us to try to see her in context. Atwood's cooperation with this effort is simply to increase mystification by telling us we can only get it wrong, as if it were impossible to understand why a human being would be horrified at what she sees around her (though she accuses us of thinking this way). To her discredit, the biographer caves in every step of the way. Atwood the writer and Atwood the woman are rich material. Atwood the myth is not.

A Biased View of the Writing Life
Without knowing Margaret Atwood personally, it is impossible to tell if the problems in this biography stem from a biased interpretation by the author or from the very biases of Atwood herself. Whatever the source, bias pervades this biography. While on the one hand the reader is presented with a picture of a woman who defied what she considered to be literary convention by living in rural areas and having a child and a successful relationship with a man, the reader also is left with the uncomfortable feeling that Atwood is attempting to set her own convention and is looking at those who do not conform to *her* conventions. The Atwood in this biography seems critical of the single woman, the childless woman, the urban (esp. New York City) writer, and the lower class writer. Although I cannot quote the book directly (I got rid of it in a fit of disgust), there is one scene that has burned itself into my memory. The author discusses Atwood's belief that a writer shouldn't poor. While it is true that one is freer to write when certain material comforts are present and when material concerns do not predominate, Atwood is then quoted as saying something to this affect: I've never been a janitor or held any other sort of low-class job, but don't quote me on that, because I know it's unfashionable. One is left feeling that if a writer *does* come from humble origins, one must not speak about it later or let it influence one's writing.Although I disliked the book because of its pervasive biases, it does present a comprehensive overview of Margaret Atwood's life and some insight into the artistic process. I think that an Atwood fan (which I myself am) who is married with children (or who desires that lifestyle), who loves nature and has had the luxury to live that lifestyle, and who has had a comfortable middle-class upbringing, might actually enjoy this biography. For others, though, you might just find yourself driven to furious rage at the potential creation of a new, but equally dogmatic, stereotype. ... Read more

Book Description

It has been called a "work of high art" and "a masterpiece beyond classification." It is a spiritual autobiography that transcends time and place. It is the matchless account of a great saint struggling to overcome sin and embrace the Will of God. It is The Confessions of St. Augustine.

Exotic Yet Familiar

In The Confessions, St. Augustine addresses with great eloquence and passion the enduring spiritual questions that have stirred the minds and hearts of thoughtful people literally since time began. Written in 397 A.D., The Confessions are an intensely personal history of the young Augustine's fierce struggle to overcome his immoral ways and achieve a life of spiritual grace.

Now the colorful episodes of Augustine's powerful conversion come vividly to life on ten digitally re-mastered audio cassettes. In this audio version of his unparalleled spiritual classic, you'll hear St. Augustine's moving story in his own words dramatically read by Al Covia. You'll experience the often exotic story of a young man of ancient times who would become one of the greatest doctors of the Latin Church, but you'll also discover a story as familiar as our own struggles with sin and temptation today.

First-hand Account

You'll be enriched and enlightened as you listen to this first hand account of how the young Augustine wrestled with his conscience to master his sexual appetite; his continuous struggle with evil; his desperate but futile attempts to find an anchor for his faith among the Manicheans and the Neoplatonists; the rare circumstance of his ascent from a humble farm to the corridors of high power in the Milanese Imperial court; how he ultimately came to renounce his secular ambitions and even marriage; and his ultimate conversion to the Christian faith at the age of thirty-two as he rediscovers the Faith taught to him by his saintly mother Monica.

Profound Sentiments

It was in a garden in Milan that St. Augustine finally achieved the act of will to Christian conversion, which he compared to a lazy man finally deciding it was time to get out of bed and face the day. It is this ability to put the most profound sentiments into simple terms that has made Augustine's writings some of the most enduring pieces of western literature.

The Confessions represents perhaps the most moving diary of one soul's journey to grace ever recorded. Written midway in St. Augustine's vast body of theological writings, The Confessions represent some of the most persuasive words by the famous "sinner-turned-priest" who would ultimately have a greater influence on Christian thought than any of the other Church fathers.

A Source of Inspiration and Enlightenment

Over 1500 years after its original publication, The Confessions of St Augustine still attracts and profoundly affects countless readers. Considered by many to be the greatest spiritual autobiography of all time, Augustine's Confessions holds a special place among the world's great books. Now digitally re-mastered by St Joseph Communications on ten audio cassettes, this spiritual classic will continue to be an inexhaustible source of inspiration and enlightenment for generations to come.

Topics Include:
God and the Soul
The Attraction of Shows
The Influence of Immoral Literature
Love and Lust
Why Men Sin
Introduction to Sacred Scripture
The Healing Powers of Time and Change
The Pursuit of Truth
Life and Death ... Read more

Book Description

Marie-Antoinette is one of the most fascinating and controversial figures in all of French history. Married to the heir to the French throne at age fourteen, Marie-Antoinette was at the center of public attention during the final tumultuous years of the Old Regime and the French Revolution.For a variety of reasons explored in this volume - all of which revolved around her gender - Marie-Antoinette came to represent the monarchy as it came under increasing attack.As both a woman and queen, she became a privileged site of the political contestation and criticism that characterized the end of the eighteenth century in France.
Rather than retell the story of her life, the contributors to this volume reveal how crucial political and cultural contests were enacted "on the body of the queen" and on the complex identity of Marie-Antoinette.They explore the difficulties of Marie-Antoinette's position as a woman, a foreigner, and a queen in the final decades of the eighteenth century and help us to understand the waves of pornography and accusations of lesbianism, incest, and treason launched against her. Taken together, these essays suggest that it is precisely because Marie-Antoinette represented the contradictions in the social, political and gender systems of her era that, through her, we can both learn about the French past and shed new light on questions of gender, sexuality, and female power that continue to trouble us today. ... Read more

Amazon.com

In the spirit of his earlier books, Alexander Hamilton: Americanand Founding Father: Rediscovering George Washington, Richard Brookhiserproduces an elegant, concise volume drawing on previous scholarship but offeringa fresh perspective on four prickly generations of Adamses. Until DavidMcCullough's John Adams became a surprise bestseller, the United States'second president and his descendants seldom had good press. Acknowledging John'sessential role in the American Revolution and his son John Quincy's principledfight against slavery, contemporaries and historians nonetheless judged both menpoor presidents, characterized by haughty pride and stiff-necked dislike ofcompromise. Charles Francis Adams, John Quincy's son, lost an almost certainchance to run for president as a Republican in 1872 by disdainfully announcing"that he would reject any nomination that had to be negotiated for;" the mostfamous book by Charles's son, The Education of Henry Adams (1907),implicitly blames Henry's failure to achieve the prominence of his forefatherson the loss of meaning and coherence in the modern, fragmented world. Tracingthe lives and careers of these four men, Brookhiser strikes a balance betweentheir struggles with a daunting heritage and battles with the oftenunappreciative outer world, identifying "the constant companion of the Adamses"as "the idea of greatness. Am I as great as my ancestors? As great as mycontemporaries? Why doesn't the world recognize my greatness?" This proves asensible organizing principle for his graceful reappraisal of a well-known butnot often well-understood family. --Wendy Smith ... Read more

Reviews (19)

Dynasty and Melancholy
An interesting and nicely readable survey of four generations of one of America's founding families. Brookhiser's book doesn't have the detail of McCollough's recent biography on Adams (this isn't a complaint, by the way!). Instead, it traces family traits and dispositions through their historical and psychological course over a period of 150 years or so.

Each one of the mini-biographies of the four Adamses Brookhiser discusses--John, John Quincy, Charles, and Henry--are fascinating in themselves. But what I think is especially valuable is the thread of melancholy that seems to run through the Adams lineage, a thread Brookhiser paints with innuendo rather than bold stroke. John's ambition and frustrated pride, John Quincy's self-punishing advocacy of unpopular causes, Charles' heart-breaking need to establish a postmortem relationship with his father by editing John Quincy's multi-volumed diary, Henry's world-weariness that expresses itself in his cleverly cynical autobiography or his romantic nostalgia for a medieval period that really never was: each of the Adamses suffers from and copes with a dark side in his own way. The darkness is what makes them all so incredibly intriguing and, combined with a New England work ethic, creates a restlessness in them that probably fuels their success.

Two bonuses in the book: first, provocative insights one picks up about the Adamses (for example, Charles's aristocratic, stiff-upper-lip handling of his own increasing dotage in his last years--how Adams-like; or Henry's refusal to mourn the beloved wife who killed herself--again, only an Adams could put on such a public front); second, the book's topic invites us to ask ourselves why it is that we Americans, who supposedly deplore aristocracy out of a loyalty to our democratic traditions, so enjoy and protect our homegrown dynasties. The Adamses, the Roosevelts, the Rockefellers, the Kennedys, the Bushes--we either love 'em or love to hate 'em. A good question to ask ourselves is "why?".

Interestin History of famous family.
"America' First Dynasty" by Richard Brookhiser. Sub-titled: "The Adamses, 1713-1918".
Understandably, this book concentrates on the two presidents, John Adams and John Quincy Adams. Their contributions as one-term presidents help to establish democracy in the nascent United States. Brookhiser notes that the two Adamses were the first presidents not from Virginia. Much of what John Adams did became precedents for later presidents.

It appears to me that the author makes the tacit assumption that the reader has a fairly good knowledge of American history, so he casually introduces lesser know subjects, such as the "Know Nothing Party " (Native American Party) and the anti-Masonic efforts in upstate New York. This, of course, leads you to things that you want to examine further, but, on the other hand, inhibits the free-flow of the book.

I think that the author is stretching to consider Charles Francis or even Henry Adams as "greats" who were continuing the Adams "dynasty". I did, however, enjoy Brookhiser's "book review" approach to "The Education of Henry Adams" and Henry's book on Mont St. Michel. Perhaps the next book by Brookhiser would be the comparison of the contributions of the Adamses, the Harrisons, the Roosevelts and the Bushes: all presidents who related by blood.

I listened to the seven tapes as I commuted around Boston; excellent reading by Dan Cashman. It is appropriate to note the name of the town of Haverhill is pronounced as HAV AAAA rill by the natives.. The reader sounded it out and said Have Er Hill, which is logical but not the way it is said in Massachusetts. Further, the hometown of the Adamses , Quincy, is said as "QuinZZZy".

Reversion to an Old Style of Historical Biography
The old style of biography was much like theatre criticism. The more cleverly you could trash the subject, the more you were -- or felt yourself to be -- a winner. When personality peculiarities made subjects as vulnerable to witticism as John Adams' was, we got decades of historical biographers trying to out-acidify the likes of Bernard Shaw. This style had faded significantly by the time David McCullough wrote a biography of John Adams that was unabashedly laudatory...an open fan letter...clear hero worship!

From Brookhiser's race through four members of the Adams family I learned only two things for sure.
1. The Adams's irritate him.
2. The old adage that "the things you criticize most in others are usually your own worst fault" appears to be true.

The author's rancor calls and raises the rancor he attributes to his subjects. Reading it was an unpleasant experience with little to no redeeming informational or ideational value for anyone but the author's therapist.

Nice Vignettes, but Pointless Talk of Dynasties
I've read all of Richard Brookhiser's biographies of the Founding Fathers (Washington, Hamilton, Morris) and I've enjoyed them all, but I liked this one the least. Brookhiser writes very well and his observations on the character of his subjects are always revealing. He shows how often the best quality in a biographer is not polished prose or research skills, but judgment.

In his book on the four generations of Adams, however, Brookhiser overreaches. Had he kept his focus on the men, this would have been a fine if undistinguished book. But Brookhiser appears to be trying to say something about families, American dynasties, and the difficulties of sustaining greatness. What he wanted to say, I could never quite figure out. The wonderful aphoristic quality of Brookhiser's prose -- that makes him so good when writing some sharp and brief observation -- fails him when he must sustain an argument.

An example of this is when Brookhiser writes in his introduction of the contradiction of an egalitarian society having so many political family dynasties, from the Adamses to Bushes. In noting this, he writes "[An American political dynasty] is the tribute democracy pays to aristocracy." This sounds very nice, but it's meaningless. Most of Brookhiser's comments on the significance of American political dynasties and how the Adamses were able to sustain their greatness fall along this line.

Thankfully, most of this book is on the Adamses, and it is when writing on them that Brookhiser shines. Still, the bad ideas -- even though they don't make up a substantial part of the book -- hang over it. Brookhiser is always interesting when writing about a person, but is not at his best when trying to come up with a conceptual framework to make sense of it all.

READ THE FULL BIOGRAPHIES
I just completed America's First Dynasty by Richard Brookhiser, a book about the Adamses of Braintree, Massachusetts. Specifically the book covers the lives of John Adams, his brilliant son, John Quincy, his grandson, Charles Francis and his great-grandson, Henry.

From the author of the marvelous book, Founding Father, a terrific biography of George Washington, I found First Dynasty to be flat and lacking. I recently read both McCulloch's biography, John Adams, and Nagel's John Quincy Adams and recommend that all interested students of the Adamses should bypass Brookhiser's volume and stick with the full biographies, both of which offer a complete look at this family that was so essential to the founding and beginnings of America.

A book as brief as Brookhiser's simply cannot and did not do the subject appropriate justice. The fact remains, as well, that while John and John Quincy lived lives and made contributions of considerable significance, the other two Adamses, Charles Francis and Henry are largely forgettable. This is especially true of Henry Adams. ... Read more

Book Description

As a young student in Paris, O’Connell was first enamored of the intriguing artistic imagery of Augustine’s works.The imagery continued to impress him as his scholarship continued.

Now, after many years of research and regarding study on the topic, a thorough treatment of Augustine’s "image clusters" is revealed in this volume, Soundings in St. Augustine’s Imagination.That St. Augustine’s writings are empowered by use of poetic imagery is of interest to readers of philosophy, theology, as well as language.

In this work, Augustine’s imagery is used as a basis to shed light on some of his thought which had previously puzzled the scholarly world.Soundings in St. Augustine’s Imagination is an imperative addition to any philosophical library and a rich reward for all intrigued by his dramatic use of language and metaphor. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Highly Recommended
This book won a Children's Book Council award--"Notable Social Studies Trade Book for 2003." It is a "must-read" for teens who are interested in a fascinating period in European history. As a French history professor for over twenty-eight years, I found it to be impeccably researched, with many primary sources; elegantly written, and quite insightful. I particularly enjoyed the way the author sheds light on the thoughts and feelings of the book's most important characters by using salient contempoary quotes. (Here is Marie Antoinette reacting to the vicious rumors about her circulated by her enemies: "Why should they hate me? What have I ever done to them?" Here is a courtier's criticism of Louis XVI's appearance: "He looked like some peasant shambling along beside his plough.") Illustrated throughout with beautiful period paintings, Plain's book is a skillful combination of biography and history. The author does a superb job of presenting a complex era in a lucid manner. She maintains an evenhanded approach throughout, explaining objectively the views of both monarchists and revolutionaries. I recommend this book highly as an excellent introduction to 18th century France. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

The whole story - not all stars and stripes
In this book, John C. Miller gives an excellent account of a man who served the cause of revolution from England - but at a high cost. Miller paints a view of Adams and some of his contemporaries as nothing more than trouble makers with a genius for propaganda. He gives the most balanced view of these times of almost any account I have read of the American Revolution. This is not a book for the sqeamish. I don't think he takes a revisionist viewpoint, but he certainly gives cause to reconsider the motives of Sam Adams, Otis, and others. Any writer talented enough to do that, not obscure the facts, and keep you entertained deserves a thoughtful read. Highly recommend. Even though out of print - it really shouldn't be. It is a classic. ... Read more

Book Description

The First President and Founder of the Republic of Turkey was one of the world's greatest leaders. He led a revolution to liberate his country and introduced a wide variety of reforms in the political, social, legal, economic and cultural spheres. This book introduces Ataturk to young readers and history buffs. It includes important historical events, his most famous quotes, a glossary, photographs, and a map of Turkey. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Amazing and heroic narration of a brilliant legendary leader
This biography is a well-written, comprehensive story about a fascinating and inspiring man. Even Pakistani President, Pervez Musharraf who has been known as "Ataturk's modern heir," has commented on the inspiration of Ataturk by referring to him as his "most admired person."

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a revolutionist who replaced the Ottoman Empire and established a new, more modern and Western Republic- Turkey, one of the most powerful countries in the Middle East. He made Turkey a secular nation by introducing contemporary 20th Century reforms such as replacing the Arabic alphabet with the Latin, and the Islamic calendar with the Christian. He separated church from state and was one of the first to give women political rights such as the right to vote, even before Great Britain did.

The photographs, maps and bibliography make this one of the most easy-to-read, informative biographies I've ever read.

Everyone must read this book to learn about this philanthropist leader of Turkey. ... Read more

Book Description

This reappraisal of the middle section of Augustine's Confessions covers the period of Augustine's conversion to Christianity. The author argues against the prevailing Neoplatonic interpretation of Augustine. ... Read more