Book Description

As the most comprehensive reference work dealing with knowledge management (KM), this work is essential for the library of every KM practitioner, researcher, and educator. Written by an international array of KM luminaries, its approx. 60 chapters approach knowledge management from a wide variety of perspectives ranging from classic foundations to cutting-edge thought, informative to provocative, theoretical to practical, historical to futuristic, human to technological, and operational to strategic. The chapters are conveniently organized into 8 major sections. The second volume consists of the sections: technologies for knowledge management, outcomes of KM, knowledge management in action, and the KM horizon. Novices and experts alike will refer to the authoritative and stimulating content again and again for years to come. ... Read more

Reviews (5)

Habits of Mind
In 1963, Dr. John Gardner, in his book Self Renewal, explored "the forces and habits of mind which hamper personal growth, ranging from fear of failure to the comfortable web of the accustomed" Karl Albrecht's The Power of Minds at Work explores
the habits of mind which stultify organizations, resulting in
costly dysfunction, and then offers ways to free the organizations from those learned patterns. Reading this book stimulates thinking about one's leadership style and opens one's mind to many other options. This is an exciting book for anyone in a leadership role.

With the American economy in a crisis, he presents a timely invitation to the leaders of business and government organizations. Crisis foments great change. He invites leaders to use their own great intelligence and the collective intelligence of all the people in their organization as a powerful living organism, with undreamed of potential for productivity and innovation. With that invitation
he offers practical suggestions and a valuable chapter on thinking styles.
With the accounts of financial disasters due to organizations
operating without systemic intelligence, Albrecht calls for the mobilization of collective intelligence and a collaboration
between the leaders and employees in ways that give new meaning
to work. The vision for an organization shared by all the people
involved bears great motivational energy. He says, "The power of a common cause, together with a sense of commu nity and shared fate, creates a kind of competitive power that's hard to beat.
Just as our culture has viewed the human body as a machine, companies have also been seen as machines with the employees
as cogs in that machine. This book clearly acknowledges what
we now know: that any human system is in reality a living organism demanding respect as such. Stories of companies that have endured one hundred years because the leaders understood this fact set an example for success.
With excellent diagrams to stimulate one's fresh thinking,
and suggestions for fostering collective intelligence, Albrecht
inspires confidence in the kind of changes in organizations that
can restore our economy. This would evoke admiration for the leaders and organizations utilizing the great intelligence that he perceived working as a consultant s all over the world in the past 20 years. The underlying message seems to be: "You are far more intelligent and capable than you think you are, and so are all the people with whom you work." One comes away from the book thinking, "He may be right!"

Learned Incapacity and Beyond
This is a most useful book, tying together a host of modern concepts of strategic management and organizational development. I especially value the section on Learned Incapacity and the 17 basic syndromes of dysfunction. The time has come to educate the new generation of leadership and management as to the most common mistakes that leaders make as a way of innoculating against repeating failures of the past. Karl Albrecht's book makes a strong contribution towards development of a DSM for management maladies. Good show!

Personal comments to this book
"The Power of Minds at Work" by K.Albrecht is exactly what I wanted to learn in terms of my training profession within my organization in Japan.
Particularly in the context of shaping visions with the shared needs, this book will be much helpful for any businss person to understand why we need to change and what to do in the daily business.

Recommended for [Aspiring] Leaders
Employers are plagued by a dearth of leadership. Too many companies are populated by people who can't think for themselves and, worse, by people who can think but don't. Today, when brainpower is so critical to an organization's success, we limit ourselves by doing some really stupid things.

If that statement sounds a little brash, challenging, critical, and accurate, you ain't seen nothin' yet! After a quarter century of consulting to all sorts of organizations around the world, Karl Albrecht has earned an enviable reputation---and the bully pulpit to tell it like it is. His messages (and the book is filled with them) need to be heard by people in charge of today's departments, divisions, companies, agencies, and other organizations. We call these people "leaders," but in truth most are really managers or even administrators in leaders' clothing. Their ignorance, ineptitude, and avoidable blunders inhibit performance.

Leaders need to learn more about leadership. They need to understand leadership in its current context and, at the same time, appreciate how we arrived at this place on our journey. They need to appreciate their role, especially the importance of inspiring and supporting people to use their minds. Creativity? Yes, but an amazing proportion of workers can't---or won't---even think for themselves, limiting their potential for achievement.

Consider Albrecht's Law: "Intelligent people, when assembled into an organization, will tend toward collective stupidity." It's Dilbert ® come to life. Albrecht's assertion is that leveraging the intelligence of an organization can determine the difference between "smart" companies and "dumb" companies. In our increasingly competitive employment environment, companies that allow themselves to be "dumb" (or even just dumber than the competition) may be doomed to extinction. The differentiating factor is leadership, and how well that leadership can utilize the individual and collective intelligence of the organization's members.

This book will grab your attention in the preface and you'll find yourself wanting to keep turning the pages to absorb the knowledge delivered, sometimes irreverently, by the author. Each chapter is filled with insights of past, present, and possibilities that will add to the vital comprehension of how the quality of thinking can help or hinder achievement. A liberal sprinkling of examples, aptly called "Case in Point," bring principles and experiences to life in each chapter. A set of Key Indicators closes each chapter, giving the reader a handy checklist to apply the knowledge gained. This design is very user-friendly.

The first two chapters make the case for smarter organizations. The second section of the book explores Organizational Intelligence, focusing on strategic vision, shared fate, appetite for change, earning discretionary energy, alignment and congruence, knowledge development, and performance pressure. The last two chapters offer the reader some serious guidance in how to make their organizations smarter. Notes at the end of each chapter and a comprehensive 12-page index add value.

The Power of Minds at Work covers a lot of landscape. It's comprehensive, yet delves into sufficient depth to satisfy some of the thought stimulated by his commentary. Yes, you read that sentence correctly: some of your thought will be satisfied. Reading this book will inspire you to go further. Wise leaders will absorb the book, then invite their co-leaders to read and discuss Albrecht's messages....and apply the wisdom that emerges. The content in these pages will generate some rich, productive conversations.

Reviewer's Note: As author of "Impending Crisis: Too Many Jobs, Not Enough People," a wake-up call about the shortage of skilled labor in this decade, I urge corporate executives to sharpen their skills in leadership and drawing more from their people. "The Power of Minds at Work" is an excellent tool to build this strength.

Albrecht reveals root causes of organzational performance
Karl Albrecht's latest book gets to the heart of organizational perfromance. He builds a compelling case that the root causes of organizational performance are directly linked to how well the collective intelligence is managed. Albrecht's vast experience and the case examples he articulates, demonstrate how organizations waste the majority of the combined intelligence that is available to them. He directly links a vast amount of "brain" research to organizational performance issues. The reader will find useful models checklists and tests to conduct their own diagnosis of their organization's mental accuity. ... Read more

Book Description

This volume brings together some of the best writing published in the journal Management Learning since its re-launch under this title in 1994. The selection very much reflects the mission of the journal to act as a showcase for innovative, international and interdisciplinary work which covers a wide gamut of issues connected to management, organizations, learning and knowledge. The field of management learning, widely drawn in this way, brings together some of the key preoccupations within several areas of management, organization studies and social science more generally. Learning and knowledge have become central themes within thee areas for several reasons, both practical and theoretical. These include the way that organizational learning is seen as a key source of competitive advantage, and the wider analysis that individuals and organizations now inhabit a `knowledge economy'. Theoretically, recent years have seen emerging understandings of the social significance of `communities of practice', whilst learning in its many manifestations is increasingly seen as being imbricated in issues of power. This latter points to one of the particular areas which has been a focus for the journal, namely more critically orientated approaches to management learning.

This collection provides readings grouped under six key headings which reflect where some of the most influential and provocative work in the field has been done over recent years, namely:

- Organizational Learning and Learning Organizations

- Individual Learning

- Critical Approaches to Management Education and Learning

- Pedagogical Practice

- Globalization and Management Learning

- Beyond Management Learning

Along with an editorial introduction, this volume will provide a unique and invaluable resource for anyone studying or researching management learning and cognate areas, by bringing together some of the best peer-reviewed work in the field.

Book Description

Aerospace giant Rockwell Collins typified the old-fashioned corporate approach to organizational learning: lackluster offerings in bland classroom settings, with little connection to the needs of employees or the goals of the company. Enter Cliff Purington and Chris Butler, who in three years transformed Rockwell into a full-fledged learning organization. With a strategy-based and technology-driven learning approach, a 400 percent increase in offerings, 24/7 access for 17,000 worldwide employees, and cost savings of $23 million, Rockwell is lauded and emulated by organizations all over the world.

For this vital book, Purington and Butler have organized their revolutionary approach into 10 clear steps that can similarly transform any company. Readers will learn new ways to build relationships, define core learning objectives, present a solid business case, and implement programs and assess their value. Each step offers detailed processes to follow, and explains what worked (and what didn't), revealing the secrets behind Rockwell's stunning transformation. ... Read more

Reviews (2)

The next "bible" for Training Professionals
Purington and Butler have succeeded by detailing how to implement the strategy they so clearly recommend in the book. The book sets forth in an orderly and easily understood manner the steps that will greatly improve any training department. If there is any one book that will pull it all together for the training professional, this is the one. A must read book.

Training Professionals Take Note
This book provides a step by step process to make any training department successful. The book is written in easy to understand language with detailed success strategy for creating the ideal learning organization. Most training books fail to inform the reader how to execute the strategy they are recommending. Purington and Butler have done a masterful job putting the detail in the puzzle. Outstanding and a must read book for all training professionals! ... Read more

Book Description

Improving Learning Transfer in Organizations features contributions from leading experts in the field learning transfer, and offers the most current information, ideas, and theories on the topic and aptly illustrates how to put transfer systems into action. In this book, the authors move beyond explanation to intervention by contributing their most recent thinking on how best to intervene in organizational contexts to influence the transfer of learning. Written for chief learning officers, training and development practitioners, management development professionals, and human resource management practitioners, this important volume shows how to create systems that ensure employees are getting and retaining the information, skills, and knowledge necessary to accomplish tasks on the job.

Improving Learning Transfer in Organizations addresses learning transfer on both the individual and organizational level. This volume shows how to diagnose learning transfer systems, create a transfer-ready profile, and assess and place employees to maximize transfer. The book includes information on how to determine what process should be followed to design an organization-specific learning transfer system intervention. The authors focus on the actual learning process and show how to use front-end analysis to avoid transfer problems. In addition, they outline the issues associated with such popular work-based learning initiatives as action learning and communities of practice, and they also present applications on learning transfer within e-learning and team training contexts.

... Read more

Book Description

This digital document is an article from Global Competitiveness, published by American Society for Competitiveness on January 1, 2001. The length of the article is 4160 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Learning and Competitiveness: The Role of Matrix Organizational Structures.
Author: Daniel F. Twomey
Publication: Global Competitiveness (Refereed)
Date: January 1, 2001
Publisher: American Society for Competitiveness
Volume: 9Issue: 1Page: 96

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

Book Description

Praise for The Power of Open-Book Management

"The Power of Open-Book Management is the essential guidebook for every organization that wants all its associates to understand how they make and lose money—and that should be every organization." —Jim Kouzes, coauthor of The Leadership Challenge and Credibility Chairman and CEO, TPG/Learning Systems

"Enabling a large group of people in an organization to work together in a coordinated way requires that they share an image and understanding of the system of which they are a part. This book offers a clear and pragmatic approach for doing just that." —Jeff Clanon, Executive Director MIT Center for Organizational Learning

"The Power of Open-Book Management provides an answer to the age-old question: 'How can I get all my employees to act and think like owners?' It is a must read for anyone interested in how we will work in the future." —Tom Corbo, CEO MANCO

"The Power of Open-Book Management offers a groundbreaking look at the benefits of interweaving good management and leadership within organizations." —Larry Spears, Executive Director The Greenleaf Center for Servant-Leadership Editor, Reflections on Leadership

"Before you open your books, open this one!" —Rob Zicaro, Employee-Owner

Web Industries

"Widespread use of open-book management as described in this book is absolutely essential." —Robert B. Rogers, Chairman and CEO The Kauffman Foundation

Today's most exciting new approach to increased employee productivity and superior financial results is open-book management (OBM). The unique, yet revolutionary, concept in this approach is simple: Teach employees the financial basics of business . . . trust them to make good decisions based on this knowledge . . . treat them as responsible stakeholders in the venture . . . and they will make significant contributions to their company's success. In fact, once equipped with OBM know-how, they themselves create a sustainable competitive advantage—a team of business-smart entrepreneurs.

In The Power of Open-Book Management, managers will find a complete guide to understanding and implementing this compelling and innovative method of building, strengthening, and growing their organizations.

Beginning with a thorough overview of open-book management, this engaging book describes the context from which OBM has emerged, why it is so urgently needed, and how it works. Featuring examples of companies like Sprint which have successfully implemented OBM, The Power of Open-Book Management presents a practical, step-by-step plan for bringing OBM into any organization, large or small. The authors cover all the essential areas: reward systems, involvement processes, communication, decision making, education, training, leadership, and accountability.

Special resources in the final section of the book describe ways of sustaining OBM and making its benefits a permanent part of the company culture.

Practical, comprehensive, and in many ways, inspirational, The Power of Open-Book Management gives executives, managers, and team leaders the tools for initiating a direct route to greater profitability and growth. ... Read more

Book Description

This digital document is an article from CMA Management, published by Society of Management Accountants of Canada on October 1, 2004. The length of the article is 1605 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Culture change and organic growth: overcoming barriers to organizational learning.(Business Strategies)
Author: Anne Papmehl
Publication: CMA Management (Magazine/Journal)
Date: October 1, 2004
Publisher: Society of Management Accountants of Canada
Volume: 78Issue: 6Page: 16(3)

Distributed by Thomson Gale ... Read more

Book Description

This book presents data and insights gathered from more than 1,100 respondents from 28 different countries.It enables practitioners to understand the convergence of learning and performance in the future workplace and to maintain the delicate balance between the two.It also ranks the 52 competencies identified for success in the workplace learning and performance (WLP) field by various types of demographic groups, including training and development professionals, organization development practitioners, and human resource administrators.In addition, the book makes statistical comparisons between the responses of people at all levels and compares the responses of "expert" WLP professionals and seasoned line managers.

The competencies are sorted into six competency groupings and are then compared to the seven roles the study established for the WLP profession.A comprehensive set of competency assessment tools is included. ... Read more

Book Description

Shows executives--anyone concerned with making change happen--how to move beyond the limitations of fixed strategic planning processes and programs to create a flexible, responsive organization that thrives in today's climate of uncertainty: the learning organization. Draws from an extensive study of two hundred change-oriented organizations including Honeywell and Motorola to identify a series of practical actions that can be used immediately to help develop a firm's capacity to learn.

... Read more

Book Description

This book explores the reasons for persistent differences in work practices both within and between industries. The authors found that the strategy that a firm chooses to follow often determines the kind of work practices it fosters.Therefore a firm may not adopt the approach now advocated by many management thinkers--in which decision-making is pushed down to the lowest level of the firm--because this choice may not be consistent with its competitive strategy.The authors discuss the ways that public policy can aid workers without subverting the strategic choices made by firms. ... Read more

Book Description

Pathfinders unpacks the performance improvement models that can be best used to aid organizations in going beyond training and achieving the needed performance results. Part I introduces the context of the attention converging on performance improvement, and why. Part II presents the preeminent performance improvement models that have stood as solid foundations on which to research theory or practice applications. It also offers a metamodel that provides a common framework for these models and shows how they relate to interventions that can be used to improve performance. Part III presents an unprecedented collection of biographies and bibliographies that provide an overview of the dominant performance improvement models. ... Read more

Book Description

Using computers for education and training, an industry that barely existed a decade ago, is a fast-growing business opportunity for enterprising people who enjoy helping others learn and who are comfortable with computers.

Start Your Own E-Learning Business, part of Entrepreneur magazine's popular StartUp series, is based on extensive interviews with industry experts and educators, market analysts, and founders of e-learning ventures large and small.

Book Description

In their headlong rush to transform themselves to meet the challenges of global competition, companies have invested millions in new technologies and grand reengineering schemes. In all too many cases, the outcomes have been smaller, disgruntled staffs and, from a competitive standpoint, business as usual, or worse. As Daniel R. Tobin demonstrates in this groundbreaking book, while technology may help to facilitate change, change always originates with people. That's why today's most successful businesses are those in which individuals at every level—from the mailroom to the executive suite—are committed to acquiring new knowledge and skills that will help their company win the battle for market share. While the concept of the learning organization is not new—it has been a major theme in corporate America ever since Peter Senge's 1990 classic The Fifth Discipline—until now, no single source provided the tools needed to translate that vision into everyday reality.

The first nuts-and-bolts guide to building a learning organization, Transformational Learning supplies step-by-step guidance and the tools you need to put learning organization concepts into daily practice. You'll learn how to align your group's learning initiatives with long-range company goals, develop a renewable learning system, measure the group's learning "vital signs," develop partnerships with key leaders throughout the organization, and much more. And with the help of many instructive and inspiring case studies from major North American and international companies, including Corning, PPG, Amoco, and Sun Microsystems, you'll discover how real people have successfully implemented transformational learning principles to help their organizations bounce back from crises, sustain and magnify successes, and forge a powerful new competitive edge.

Drawing upon more than 20 years of experience as a leading corporate education expert, Tobin also introduces an array of original tools and techniques that have yielded remarkable results in case after case. He describes a dynamic new model that helps companies maximize the capture and use of crucial information. He details a revolutionary approach to benchmarking that helps you zero in on and exploit the best knowledge and skill resources available both within and outside your company. And he provides a comprehensive new method for building a knowledge network and tying it effectively into your company's transformational goals.

A comprehensive guide to making learning organizational principles a practical reality in your organization, Transformational Learning is a must read for every manager, executive, and team leader.

"The solid linkage Dan Tobin forges between the core value of continuous learning and the never-ending quest for profitability is an essential extension to the idea of the Learning Organization. Small, medium, and large companies can use Tobin's ideas to create a learning strategy that directly supports corporate renewal and long-term growth." —Theodore B. Kinni Founder, The Business Reader

"To survive in this constantly changing new world, a company will have to renew itself many times in its life cycle; the key to renewal will be learning. This book is a must read for both the CEO and the training manager of the company who want to better understand their roles for that life cycle and the attainable future." —Ray Morrison, PhD Administrator, Lockheed Technical Institute

"Transformational Learning focuses people on a vision of what they need to learn to take action and ownership for changing themselves and their jobs. It is the engine that drives people to achieve their company's strategic goals . . . that is what measures the real success or failure of a corporate training function." —Joe Slezak Mercury Marine

"This is the best book I know of that can be used by leaders to build organizational commitment to understanding and achieving excellence." —James R. Marchant Vice President, Human Resources Avenor, Inc.

"Dan Tobin's Transformational Learning: Renewing Your Company Through Knowledge and Skills aids business leaders in understanding how to use information technology, not be victimized by it. I recommend that business leaders expecting to prosper beyond the next five years read this book." —Steven J. Bomba Vice President, Technology Johnson Controls, Inc.

"This immensely readable book can help improve any manufacturer, large or small." —Joan Carvell Vice President California Manufacturing Technology Center ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Transformational Learning - readable, interesting, relevant.
Transformational Learning is the art of orchestrating change in an organization so that specific, measurable goals are reached. "Transformational Learning", by Daniel Tobin, is a practical guide to the subject, grounded in relevant theory, and aimed at the people who have to make the change effort successful. It is approachable from the view of senior management, or from middle managers who don't have visionary or committed leadership, and even from first line managers who have a very small sphere of influence. The chapters cover all relevant topics, and offer a message: change *can* happen, change *can* be successful - with thought, planning, measurement -- and with this book. ... Read more

Amazon.com

Yet another component in Debbe Kennedy's easy-to-use and refreshingly straightforward Diversity Breakthrough! Strategic Action series, Achievement profiles organizations that have launched diversity-promoting efforts to monitor, measure, and even celebrate progress as they work to create an inclusive organization.

Like all the booklets in Kennedy's goal-oriented series, this one comes with self-assessment tools, concrete action strategies to mobilize change, and fun, quick action-planning worksheets, all in a concise 64-page format that's as adaptable to an organization-wide initiative or a small group effort as it is to a single individual's nighttime reading and enrichment (where organizational change, after all, often begins). And as part of the real-life, first-person accounts that make all these booklets so lively, this edition includes real-life stories from such diverse organizations as Hewlett-Packard, IBM, the U.S. Army, and the Burgundy Group on diversity challenges and solutions.

Readers can use this booklet alone or in conjunction with others in the series, each of which focuses on a crucial phase in what author Kennedy, a veteran consultant and a former manager of Equal Opportunity and human resources at IBM, calls the "imperfect circle" of change: "Assessment," "Acceptance," "Action," "Accountability," "Achievement," and--you guessed it--"More Action."The Breakthrough system also includes a pack of 52 cards, each of which spells out a specific diversity roadblock (starting with "Our leadership team does not reflect our stated commitment to inclusion."). Passed around in group format, they allow participants to literally "put their cards on the table" about internal issues they'd rather not bring up aloud--making for not just a brilliant icebreaker on a touchy subject but a crucial first step in isolating strengths and weaknesses in the realm of diversity.

Whether read alone or as part of the integrated whole, this well-thought-out booklet may be just the thing for HR managers, trainers, and consultants lamenting the dearth of quality material on this perilous subject. --Timothy Murphy ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Seeing "achievement" with a new perspective
Our organization has been trying to become inclusive for some time.The stories in this book are inspiring and the ideas for measuring and celebrating helped me see "achievement" with a new perspective. Recommended! ... Read more

Book Description

Revisiting Cyert and March's classic 1963 "Behavioral Theory of the Firm", Henrich Greve offers an intriguing analysis of how firms evolve in response to feedback about their own performance. Based on ideas from organizational theory and social psychology and research from many industries, it demonstrates that high-performing organizations quickly lower their rates of market entry, innovations and asset growth, but low-performing organizations only slowly increase those rates. The analysis outlines the consequences of this behavior for organizational survival and performance, and suggests ways to improve organizations with performance feedback. ... Read more

Book Description

Corporate DNA explores what happens when managers think about and run their companies as if they were living things. An organic model is at the heart of the transformation of companies like AT&T and EDS, working to redesign the bureaucracies that they were built upon. This book addresses the frustrations felt among corporations by focusing on the role of the organizational models in the transformation process. The book's key perception is that the choice of a mechanical or organic model results in an organizations developing either mechanical or organic structures. Those structures, in turn, lead to certain types of behavior.

Corporate DNA provides tools with which managers can replace their old mechanical models with organic ones. Readers will discover how living things use information to create work; how they learn, develop, and govern themselves; and how prototype organic corporations such as 3M and Federal Express apply organic models to their operations.

Ken Baskin, Ph.D., is a consultant on communicating quality and culture change. In addition to his own public relations business, he has worked for the US Department of Energy, the New Jersey Department of Education, and Bell Atlantic, including speech writing for CEO Ray Smith. Ken leads workshops on ÝCreating Competitive Advantage in a Market EcologyÝ and ÝUsing the Principles of DNA for Problem Solving,Ý among others.

ú Looks at companies as if they were living things
ú Offers a new and easy way to navigate today's most turbulent markets
ú Teaches how to map and apply strategies for a thriving organization ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Rules for business success in a complex 'business ecology'
Goes beyond simply advocating that organisations should be thought of as living organisms, to work through the implications and challenges of this perspective in some detail. In particular, it takes the concept of a 'business ecology' (see eg. Moore: 'The Death of Competition') to develop rules for success in a world of 'punctuated equilibrium' - periods of relative stability followed by chaotic periods due to a destabilising invader or event, from which a newly shaped ecology emerges, with different dominant species.

While this is a highly simplified view of the formation of natural ecologies (and of the underlying complexity theory), it is still useful in looking at dynamic markets.

Part 1 looks at market ecologies. The framework is a generalisation of themes that recur in many other contexts. The idea of moving to preempt or build dominance in emergent market ecologies lies at the base of Hamel and Prahalad's strategy ('Competing for the Future'). Ormerod in "The Death of Economics' proposes that economies operate to precisely the same rule of punctuated equilibrium. Baskin goes on to draw out rules for business success in market ecologies.

Part 2 takes the same analogy inside the corporation, looking at the building of identity, the flow of information and development of the 'corporate nervous system', the issue of organic community structures and finally the role of senior managers, while Part 3 makes the distinction between change and transformation and highlights the differences. ... Read more