Reviews (4)

CONCISE MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
The fact that this book was designed for researchers, who are involved in experimental (clinical) trials, makes the basic knowledge of statistics essential.
Using an interactive multidisciplinary approach to investigation, this handbook embraced all aspects clinical and paraclinical survey. It is very easy-to-follow, and divulges its methodology in concise manner. "Fundamentals of Clinical Trials" is one book that will help alleviate the rigorous chores of epidemiologists. However, an advanced or versatile researcher may complain that some of the information in it are too summarized.

Good intro textbook
I used this book for a class that I took last semester on clinical trial.

The authors do a good job of giving a good overview of the topics of interest, in particular: sample size calculation, use of DSMBs, trial design, choice of endpoints, randomization and issues in data analysis.

The chapters on sample size estimation and use of safety monitoring boards are quite heavy on the statistics. If you've never had an intro class in statistics, then these chapters may be way over your head.

There are a few topics that the authors didn't cover so well that I thought should have been more prominent: Choice of primary endpoints in FDA trials, general requirements of the FDA and regulatory information in general, the calculations of meta-analyses.

Overall I am quite happy with this book and will keep it on my shelf as a good reference.

A great introduction to clinical trials
This book is a very good place to start for those who want to learn about the design and analysis of clinical trials. However there is a heavy emphasis on statistics - a basic knowledge of stats is essential.

Generalized review
Friedman et al have done a commendable job of explaining the entire clinical trial process. The monograph is complete as to the requirements of the undertaking and adequate resource is devoted to serveral of the more problematic areas such as sample size estimation and the establishment of baseline characteristics. ... Read more

Book Description

This book serves as a comprehensive reference for a variety of research situations. This edition reflects the popular approaches to analysis and design, and addresses the focus of health-care related research through the 1990s and into the 21st century. Expanded or added topics include outcomes research and the disablement model, validity and diagnostic screening, meta-analysis, scales used in survey and outcomes research, logistic regression, measures of reliability, and data management to prepare for computer analysis. For those in the health professions, including physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy, nursing, and exercise physiology. ... Read more

Reviews (2)

Exceptional (Must for all PT Students)
Excellent text for students just entering the profession to hard core researches.

Outstanding clarity and comprehensiveness
This book can hardly be recommended enough to both beginning and advanced researchers. It provides an extraordinary breadth and depth of information about research methodology, implementation and statistical analysis. It is written in a clear straightforward style that makes arcane topics understanble without oversimplification. Congratulations to the authors on a difficult job well done! ... Read more

Book Description

Bernard Rosner's FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOSTATISTICS is a practical introduction to the methods, techniques, and computation of statistics with human subjects. It prepares students for their future courses and careers by introducing the statistical methods most often used in medical literature. Rosner minimizes the amount of mathematical formulation (algebra-based) while still giving complete explanations of all the important concepts. As in previous editions, a major strength of this book is that every new concept is developed systematically through completely worked out examples from current medical research problems. ... Read more

Reviews (3)

Comprehensive introduction to biostatistics
This book isn't for everyone, but if you want a wide ranging textbook with a little more mathematical detail than the other intro books, this is a great choice. Rosner explains concepts well and with many examples that help the reader to understand them. The flowcharts at the back of the book were written to help readers choose the right test for the right situation, and these are extremely valuable. The only problem with the book is that it is sometimes hard to sit down and read it without any preparation (e.g., lecture or prior knowledge).

well written introductory text
Bernard Rosner is a Harvard Professor of Biostatistics. He has written an introductory text for undergraduate and graduate medical school students. It covers the basics of probability and inference including categorical data. Other topics include regression, correlation and survival analysis. It is written for students with no math beyond high school algebra but common mathematical notation is freely used. It includes a diskette with data for examples. Many examples are given to illustrate the concepts and SAS ouput is used to illustrate the results and familiarize the students so that they can interpret statistical output. Many exercises are given at the end of each chapter. Several require use of the data sets on the diskette. I think the author has been careful to try to make the subject understandable to medical students. He also has used the lectures notes that were the basis of the text in courses he taught in the Harvard Medical School. So he knows his audience. A unique feature is the catergorizing of exercises by medical specialty.

Rosner tries to fill an important need and does a good job. He avoids heavy mathematics without turning the text into a cookbook. This is now the fourth edition. So many improvements have been made. I gave it 4 stars. It probably deserves 4 and 1/2 stars.

....

Check the local library then buy it!
If you want a biostatistics text that is difficult to read, poorly laid out and impossible to understand I suggest you buy this book. I did and returned it quickly. A reference text that is better suited for the beginner and serious student would be the Dawson-Saunder, Trapp text Basic & Clinical Biostatistics, 1st or 2nd edition ... Read more

Book Description

"We want people to listen to us. . . . Focus group interviewing is about listening. It is about paying attention. . . . being nonjudgmental. . . .When used appropriately, the process improves listening and the results can be used to benefit the people who shared the information. And people go away feeling good about having been heard."

--Richard A. Krueger & Mary Anne Casey, from the Preface

This highly acclaimed book in its third edition includes the following updates and improvements:

- Vignettes drawn from small and large focus groups that illustrate problems that come up and effective ways to resolve the issues.

- Designing questions for asking effective questions to draw out a group and how to refine them based on the group’s responses.

- Collaborative Approach updated to address the latest ways to implement the empowerment and action research.

- Budgeting how to more effectively budget for a focus group

- Coding how to more effectively use existing software packages to code and analyze the results of a focus group.

Reviews (5)

Wow, Surprisingly Good....
If you are looking for a solid foundation in conducting focus groups, this is your book. From initial planning to post group interview analysis, it provides a fantastic and comprehensive overview on preparing and conducting focus group research. It is particularly useful for marketing and research professionals looking to take their first steps into the world of focus groups. I purchased the book to help with my consulting practice and have been very pleased. Overall grade: A-/A

Focus groups
This was a wonderful guide for conducting focus groups for beginners. The book is easy to read and understand. I highly recommend it for anyone who is interested in conducting focus group research.

User friendly - not research friendly
This book contains a great deal of information about conducting focus groups and is very easy to use; however, the format is far too simplistic. Focus groups are a research technique; this book takes the approach of "so easy even a child could do it." Although it is filled with information and guidelines about appropriate techniques and uses for data, the lighthearted format undermines the serious nature of data collection and analysis. The second edition was much better as a comprehensive guide to focus groups that maintained some research integrity.

Incidentally, I suspect that Paladin Red actually reviewed the second edition. The third edition does not contain appendices after each chapter - another unfortunate loss from the earlier edition.

A superb research guide!
Krueger's book on focus groups has been by far the most useful guide in terms of the step-by-step approach used. Everything from concise budgeting techniques to handling those "difficult" participants are outlined neatly and in a straight-forward fashion. The appendices after each chapter are also really helpful especially for beginner researchers such as myself. I borrowed this book from the library for a summer marketing research job and it was all I needed for the focus group portion. Recommended to me by my marketing prof, I in turn highly recommend it!

qualitative research has never been so beautiful
this book is great, the application to research in marketing and business is incredible, and straight forward, a must have. ... Read more

Book Description

This is the second edition of this text on logistic regression methods. As in the first edition, each chapter contains a presentation of its topic in "lecture-book" format together with objectives, an outline, key formulae, practice exercises, and a test. The "lecture-book" has a sequence of illustrations and formulae in the left column of each page and a script (i.e., text) in the right column. This format allows you to read the script in conjunction with the illustrations and formulae that highlight the main points, formulae, or examples being presented. This second edition includes five new chapters and an appendix. The new chapters are: Chapter 9. Polytomous Logistic Regression Chapter 10. Ordinal Logistic Regression Chapter 11. Logistic Regression for Correlated Data Chapter 12. GEE Examples Chapter 13. Other Approaches for Analysis of Correlated Data Chapters 9 and 10 extend logistic regression to response variables that have more than two categories. Chapters 11-13 extend logistic regression to generalized estimating equations (GEE) and other methods for analyzing correlated response data.

The appendix "Computer Programs for Logistic Regression" provides descriptions and examples of computer programs for carrying out the variety of logistic regression procedures described in the main text. The software packages considered are SAS Version 8.0, SPSS Version 10.0 and STATA Version 7.0. ... Read more

Reviews (2)

Good for what it is
This book has a specific goal. It's aim is to give a basic competence in the use of logistic regression, related techniques, and the software that deal with them. This, it does very well. By intent, it leaves many other needs unmet.

The format is 13 chapters, possibly representing the 13 or 14 weeks in a typical school term. Each chapter has a specific statement of teaching goals at the front, a summary outline of the course to date in the back, and a few pages of questions or exercises with answers. There appear to be sample data sets available, formatted for popular stats packages, but I did not figure out how they are made available. Within the main text of each chapter, every page reads like a blackboard lecture: equations on the left and narration on the right. The presentation uses a minimum of math, just a little algebra and exponentials in a few specific forms.

For the aspiring tool-user, this book may be worth a semester's tuition. I can fault it only for an annoying habit of writing out in words equations that appear on the same page ("e raised to the power of the sum of products ... ").

This book is NOT meant for people truly interested in the theory or practice of the exact computations. For example, its use of probability scarely mentions joint or conditional distributions. As a result, some of its formulas (e.g. p.48) come across as rote memorization, instead of natural expressions of the laws of probability. Lacking joint probability, the covariance matrix can not have meaning. It is just something produced, somehow, by an oracular computer program.

The repeated phrase, "according to statisticians ..." makes it very clear that statisticians are a breed distinct from intended audience. What they do is quite alien, but somehow, sometimes leaves the student with formulas to grind through.

Before you buy this book, be very clear about what you expect from it. Beginning students may get a lot from it. Readers already familiar with probability and some stats are likely to be disappointed.

An excellent step-by-step text
When Kleinbaum entitles his book "a self-learning text", this is TRUE ! I'm sure anyone can learn logistic regression with this book. It is cristal-clear, very progressive, with real-data examples... If the best teachers are those who make you feel you're intelligent, certainly the author must be a good teacher... because his book is ! I do recommend it warmly to anyone who has to teach (like me) or learn logistic regression. ... Read more

Book Description

Instead of starting a health care search with a blank computer screen or simply accessing ordinary information available most anywhere on the Web, you can begin with help from the prestigious Medical Library Association.Each entry will show you how an experienced health sciences librarian would approach a question.You can begin a truly valuable search knowing: special searching issues, what to ask, where to start, supplementary search strategies, topic profile, recommended search terms and important sites, hotline phone numbers, FAQs, publications on the internet, professional organizations, patient support organizations and discussion groups, and best "one-stop-shops."Finally there's one ready-reference source written by librarians to help their colleagues that contains every important aspect of the question you or your patron want to answer.It's time-saving, it's authoritative, it sets a new standard for comprehensive medical information reference.

VOLUME 1:Search Strategies / Quick Reference Guide
VOLUME 2:Diseases and Disorders / Mental Health and Mental Disorders
VOLUME 3:Health and Wellness / Life Stages and Reproduction / Cumulative Index ... Read more

Book Description

The practice of modern medicine requires sophisticated information technologies with which to manage patient information, plan diagnostic procedures, interpret laboratory results, and conduct research. This book, inspired by a Stanford University training program developed to introduce health professionals to computer applications in modern medical care, fills the need for a high quality text in computers and medicine, and meets the growing demand by practitioners, researchers, and students for a comprehensive introduction to key topics in the field. The work is designed for a broad audience interested in the intersection of computer science and medicine.

Medical Informatics provides both a conceptual framework and a practical inspiration for this swiftly emerging scientific discipline. As a textbook for students of medical computer science, and a reference work for individual readers needing to understand the role computers can play in the provision of medical services, the book first explains basic concepts, then illustrates them with specific systems and technologies. For example, it describes computing systems for medical records, nursing, hospital information, pharmacy, radiology, patient monitoring, decision support, medical education, and office practice. The ultimate aim of the editors has been to focus on recurrent themes in medical informatics, medical computing applications, and future direction for research, as well as to clarify the definition, and to nurture the effectiveness, of healthcare computing.

Highlights: -Provides the conceptual base needed for understanding and implementing application in medical informatics -Presents sample of how computers assist in the delivery of health care -Includes pointers to additional literature, chapter summaries, and concise definition of recurring terms for self-study or classroom use.

New for the 2/e: -System Design and Engineering -Ethics of Health Informatics: Privacy, Confidentiality, Security and Legal Issues -System Evaluation and Technology Assessment -Public Health and Consumer Use of Health Information: Education, Research, Policy, Prevention and Quality Assurance -Healthcare Financing: Impact on Health Information Systems ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Excellent overview
This second edition of Shortliffe's textbook is an excellent overview of the field. Although I used it as a course text, it is extremely readable. The chapters are not overly technical, as befits an introductory text, but by no means is this a "Dummmies" book either.

There are now a variety of introductory/overview books on medical informatics. However, of the ones I've read (including van Bemmel's Handbook of Medical Informatics and Coiera's Guide to Medical Informatics), this book is by far the best. ... Read more

Book Description

Completely revised and updated, the second edition of a classic reference, Handbook of SOPs for Good Clinical Practice provides templates of SOPs ready for adaptation to your requirements and immediate use. This allows you to create new SOPs or benchmark your existing SOPs against an internationally accepted set of SOPs. The book includes a CD-ROM containing an electronic copy of each of the SOPs and forms in the handbook so that you can easily customize the text to reflect your organization's processes. The author uses language ranging from the specific to the very general, depending on the activity described and the number of the existing regulations governing the activity. This provides you with a starting point for the development of your organization's SOPs, saving you the time and money that would normally be spent researching and documenting each of the procedures described. Modifying the SOPs supplied by this book will be a much more efficient task than developing new ones from scratch.Containing templates for SOPs and forms applicable to sponsors, study sites, and Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), Handbook of SOPs for Good Clinical Practice, Second Edition gives you the tools needed to develop effective SOPs for your organization. ... Read more

Reviews (5)

IT HAS A REFINED ANALYTICAL APPROACH
"Designing Clinical Research: An Epidermiologic Approach" did a thorough analysis of various methodologies, which medical scientists could use in everyday research. It, first of all, outlined all the essential steps (used in epidemiological research), before delving into the analysis of each step. Its information is current and versatile. But, certain important issues like research-funding and statistics received less than expected attention. Despite this flaw, I would still recommend this book to scientists. Its pros did exceed its cons by a mile.

Invaluable book
I bought this book for a course I am taking as part of my fellowship. This book focuses on the concepts of study design and critical aspects of clinical research. To my surprise, what I found was that I have a greater understanding of how to intrepret literature. This is mostly because I'm able to view it from an investigator's point of view. I'm now able to thoroughly dissect a study and identify the weaknesses, etc (without even reading the discussion section). For those who plan on doing clinical research or just practicing evidenced based medicine, this book is a must.

excessively convenience-oriented book
On the whole this book is an excellent work.

But there is some possibility of fostering illusions in many readers' mind that they actually have great power of research in spite of not having good understanding on basic principles such as statistics.

It is not sufficiently equipped for graduate student or researcher above the level.

THIS IS A MUST HAVE
This is an amazing textbook that is a must have for all healthcare workers or anyone involved or wanting to be involved in clinical research. The test is organized and extremely well written. I use it to teach clinical research design to my students, residents, and fellows. Hats off to Hulley et al on a job well done. It was worth the 13 year wait for the 2nd edition.

Research design: A superb guide
This is one of the best books I have read on how to design a research project. It starts with key, but often neglected, issues such as how to choose a well-focussed research question and steps through all the elements of study design, data collection, quality assurance, and basic grant-writing.

A "must-have" that needs a second edition! ... Read more

Amazon.com's Best of 2001

Early in 1998, New York Times science reporter and author Gina Kolata happened to be seated at a banquet next to the Nobel Prize-winning scientist James Watson. When Kolata asked Watson what was new in the world of science, he replied, "Judah Folkman and angiogenesis, that's what's new. Judah is going to cure cancer in two years."

Folkman, a longtime physician and medical researcher at Harvard University and Children's Hospital, was caught off guard by the excited news reports that followed Watson's remark, but there was good reason for excitement. For nearly four decades, when not busy doing such things as inventing the heart pacemaker and attending to hundreds of patients, Folkman had been puzzling out a peculiarity of tumors: at some point during their formation, they sent forth chemical signals that in effect "recruited" blood vessels to feed them. If those signals could be intercepted through well-targeted drugs, Folkman reasoned, and the blood supply to cancerous formations thus interrupted, then the tumors themselves might be starved to death, or at least to dormancy.

In this book, Newsday writer Robert Cooke offers an accessible account of Folkman's work on angiogenesis, or the formation of blood vessels, which may well point the way to new treatments for cancer and related illnesses. Following Folkman's roundabout trail, one marked by considerable resistance on the part of doubtful colleagues, readers will gain a sense of how medical research is conducted--and, almost certainly, a sense of wonder at the medical breakthroughs that, as James Watson hinted, are just around the corner. --Gregory McNamee ... Read more

Reviews (23)

A Modern Odyssey of Medical Innovation
This book clearly deserves many more than five stars.

Dr. Folkman's War contains many valuable insights including how to: Raise children to be outstanding people; be an astute observer about nature to unlock new lessons; pioneer in a new field of science; and be persistent about something important. When the history of medicine in the twentieth century is written, Dr. Judah Folkman will be considered one of the most important figures. This book is the most accessible and complete source of information about his remarkable life and accomplishments.

Dr. Folkman's research to date "has found applications in twenty-six diseases as varied as cancer, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, psoriasis, arthritis, and endometriosis." "Ordinarily, researchers working in any of these fields do not communicate with each other."

Angiogenesis looks at the way that capillaries are formed in response to the body's biochemistry to help and harm health. Tumors depend on this action to get the blood supply they need to grow. Wounds also rely on a similar mechanism to grow scar tissue.

I have been following Dr. Folkman's career for over twenty-five years, and heard him speak about angiogenesis just a little over two years ago. Because I felt I was well-informed, I almost skipped this book. That would have been a major mistake on my part. Dr. Folkman's War contained much new and interesting information that helped me to better understand the lessons of Dr. Folkman's life, as well as the future implications of angiogenesis.

Unknown to me, Dr. Folkman had also played a role as an innovator in implantable pacemakers, time-released drug implants, and specialized types of heart surgery before he began his serious assault on angiogenesis.

The discoveries had their beginning in 1961 when he was a draftee in a Navy lab in Bethesda, Maryland. He noticed that tumors could not grow unless they first recruited their own capillaries to bring an increased blood supply. "Over time, he convinced himself that there had to be some way to block the growth of those blood vessels." He was right, but it took a long time before he knew any of the answers.

In brief opening comments about the book, former surgeon general C. Everett Koop, M.D. and Sc.D. observed how this new science evolved. "In the 1970s, laboratory scientists didn't believe any of it." " . . . [T]he critics' objections were hushed for good in 1989." "In the 1990s, the criticisms came chiefly from the clinical side, and the pharmaceutical companies didn't want anything to do with angiogenesis."

The story is a very heart-warming one. Dr. Folkman's father was a rabbi who asked each member of the family each night what she or he had learned that day. He also constantly implored his son to "Be a credit to your people." His father clearly thought that Dr. Folkman would also become a rabbi. Having announced his attention to become a physician, his father told him, "You can be a rabbi-like doctor." This injunction was one he took to heart, often seeking out his father's counsel on how to console the families of his patients.

His first taste of how close mortality is to all of us was when his first two children inherited cystic fibrosis. The younger of the two died, and the older one needed lots of special care to deal with infections. This probably made him a better doctor, by helping him see things more from the patients' points of view.

Space constraints keep me from discussing the book's description of how angiogenesis developed, but if you like stories about trail-blazing research, you will be amply rewarded. The key hurdles are described, along with the blind alleys that were followed. Anyone reading this will see how important it is to add new skills to the study of any new subject.

I was particularly interested in the way that press reports tended to harm the progress of angiogenesis, either by annoying other scientists, attracting hucksters, or delaying key deals with potential partners. We often think about freedom of speech being helpful, but here the case is a mixed one.

My only disappointment with the book is that it does not provide as much clinical data about the drugs under testing now as has been made public. That material would have made for fascinating reading. There are also natural substances that can cause a tumor to shrink, and clinical studies have been very successful in growing and shrinking tumors for some time.

I suspect that some member of your family will live a longer, healthier life due to future treatments soon to be available using angiogenesis. This book is a great way to learn more about the subject now, so you can encourage exploration of these experimental therapies where possibly appropriate. If anyone in your family now has cancer, this book is must reading for you!

Dr. Folkman summarized the book nicely as follows: "Success can often arrive dressed as failure." "If your idea succeeds everybody says you're persistent. If it doesn't succceed, you're stubborn."

May we all live longer and healthier lives due to the emerging medical treatments using angiogenesis . . . that were helped by Dr. Folkman's persistence!

Persistence & vision overcomes dogma an ignorance.
Through long, arduous practice, Buddhists believe it is possible to remove the lens of self-interest and dogma to perceive "absolute reality," with "automatic compassion." After reading Robert Cooke's biography one believes that Dr. Judah Folkman has never looked at medicine any other way.

But the emperors of the scientific establishment have never dealt kindly with the boys who can't see their robes, as Cooke points out with several examples. (The Hungarian doctor who demonstrated that deaths from childbirth fever could be eliminated if doctors washed their hands was hounded by his colleages to suicide.) Dr. Folkman's heresy was the observation that tumors can't grow without stimulating healthy tissues to supply new blood vessels.

Fortunately for all of us, Dr. Folkman's vision has been matched by his persistence in pursuing it. In following Dr. Folkman's path from his boyhood in Ohio as the son of a rabbi, to Harvard where he gained his self-confidence, to the Navy research lab where his angiogenesis hypothesis first formed, and back to Boston as a pediatric surgeon-scientist, Cooke makes what might have been a difficult and technical story into an epic adventure.

In keeping with the fashion that writing a biography in chronological order is boring and passe, Cooke instead follows parallel thematic threads in Dr. Folkman's storied career. I personally found the resulting forward and backward jumps in time distracting, but not insurmountable.

It would have been enough if this were merely a story of scientific progress and the triumph of a new idea over entrenched dogma, but it is also the story of a man whose vision is matched by his devotion to his patients. It should be required reading for all prospective medical students.

Now angiogenesis-based therapies for cancer, atherosclerosis, blindness and arthritis are on the verge of exploding on the scene and Dr. Folkman's lab at Children's Hospital Boston is ground-zero. He and the generation of doctors and researchers that he has helped to train are revolutionizing huge swaths of medicine. When it happens it will seem like it was overnight, but those of us who have read Robert Cooke's book will know it was a lifetime in the making.

Dr. Folkman is my hero -- a story better than SeaBiscuit!
This book by Robert Cooke is incredible! Mr. Cooke is able to explain to the average layperson the medical concepts of angeiogeneis conceived by the most under-valued person of our time: Dr. Judah Folkman. Dr. Folkman is to cancer what Salk was to Polio! Personally, Dr. Judah Folkman is my hero! A real hero, deserving of the Nobel Prize....and I don't speak lightly. I am a cancer patient that has recently learned that my cancer (thought was beat) has advanced to my lungs. The ONLY therapy for me is in an ANGIOGENESIS drug therapy program for a drug currently in study and labeled as "PI-88." I am just so confident this drug will work. I am the only patient with my type of cancer cell (adenoid cystic carninoma), so I am a little bit more of a lab rat for this program.

God Bless Dr. Folkman and h is incredible perserverance! His story should be a movie----a tale better than SeaBiscuit! He is my SeaBiscuit!

LHH

Cure for cancer?
Chances are someone close to you has succumbed to the ravages of cancer, while you and the medical establishment could only sit by and watch the process reach its inevitable conclusion. The good news is, for nearly 40 years, Dr. Judah Folkman has been pursuing a cure for cancer -- or at least a way to fight tumors more effectively than chemotherapy or radiation -- that only until very recently has garnered serious attention. Dr. Folkman's theory is called angiogenesis, the process by which cancer cells emit an agent which triggers the growth of blood vessels to feed the growth of the cancer itself. For years Dr. Folkman's idea was basically scoffed at as the flailings of an amateur researcher, but Cooke shows how Dr. Folkman has perservered -- while maintaining his brilliant career as a physician -- and eventually, through a slow accumulation of experimental evidence, as well as the discovery of several antiangionesis agents, turned opinion around. Throughout this engaging and fascinating retelling of Folkman's journey, Cooke also provides an eye-opening account of the workings of academia, medical research, and their relationships to those Orwellian biotech companies you keep hearing about. The science is clear and vivid, the battle to defeat cancer inspiring, and the promise of victory -- thankfully, finally -- just around the corner.

interesting story, but ......
I work in this field of research. I do like the story of the persistance and creativity of Judah Folkman. However, the author stumbles in describing some of the science and the intellectual contributions of others that led to some of the Folkman lab's discoveries. After reading the reviewers' praise for Mr. Cooke's "detailed research " on the book's back cover, I was diappointed by some obvious errors in the book. I believe that most of the innaccuracies are the unfortunate result of the author's failure to corroborate all of his facts. He may have been in a hurry to get the book out, but I wish that he had taken a little more time to get the science and other facts straight. ... Read more

Book Description

The publication of this Second Edition, twelve years after the first, attests to the timelessness of the techniques used in experimental work with the rat. However, scientific progress inevitably brings to light new ideas and procedures. In particular, considerable progress has been made in the use of new anesthetics and analgesics. A completely new chapter has been written on these with unique emphasis on the applicability to the rat. The very variable standards of surgery that existed in the past are placed in perspective in another new chapter, which makes recommendations more in keeping with the higher standards now demanded of animal experimentation. A variety of new techniques have been added throughout to expand the usefulness of the book, and more illustrations have been added to help in the execution of the various procedures.
One of the greatest advances in the last twelve years is a greater appreciation for the well-being of experimental animals, and references to a more humane and refined approach have been made throughout this edition. This greater awareness of welfare issues demands that experimental animals be handled and used correctly and compassionately, with as little suffering as possible, and has led to a marked improvement in the attitude to proper training.
This book is still the only source which provides a detailed and up-to-date compilation of illustrated experimental methods for work with the rat. It will continue to be an invaluable reference to specific information for laboratory workers and will help considerably in training new investigators in the proper and considerate use of this species.

Key Features
* All surgical techniques have been revised and updated
* A new section on anesthesia and post-operative care has been included
* Presents new techniques, particularly cannulation ... Read more

Reviews (1)

The best book available on surgical technique in rat models
This book describes almost every experimental procedure for animal handling and tissue collection possible in rats, from orchidectomy to thymectomy. All procedures are clearly presented with detailed illustrations and photographs making this the single best handbook for anyone performing laboratory work with rats. ... Read more

Book Description

Written by Dr. Brochert, who scored in the 99th percentile in Steps 1 and 2 of the U.S. Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE), this new addition to The Secrets Series(r) provides essential questions and answers covering topics that have appeared on recent Step II * Coverage of all specialty and subspecialty topics covered on Step 2 * All the most important "need-to-know" questions-and-answers in the proven format of the highly acclaimed Secrets Series(r) * Concise answers that include the author's pearls, tips, memory aids, and "secrets" * Bulleted lists, algorithms, and illustrations for quick review * Thorough, highly detailed index * Thought-provoking questions that provide succinct answers * Presentation of a vast amount of information, but not overly simplistic ... Read more

Reviews (14)

Excellent
This book is the equivalent of what First Aid was for Step 1. I just took Step 2 and this is the book to have. I just wish I had read it more than once! When combined with a question resource, like NMS, you have the perfect study material. (The NMS questions were a little bit more picky than the actual test by the way, but excellent in scope.)
Secrets is concise and tells you what you need to know for the Boards, giving common clinical scenarios, etc. I highly recommend it!

A treat!
i very highly recommend this book! has the right emphasis, and there were LOADS of questions from within these pages on my step 2 exam. Not only does it give you high yeild stuff, but it gives you alot of confidence. I found it more enjoyable than its counterpart - crush the boards, which has, basically the same material, in a different format. The question-answer style is brilliant! there are a couple of mistakes in it (eg-CSF pressure is written in mm Hg instead of mm of H2O...stuff like that) but you can totally forgive him, cos he's helpin you so so much!!
Its a great investment. Much much better than first aid for step2
Buy it!!

must have
lots of case scenarios that ended up on the text, though not comprehensive...i definitely recommen

Good review book
This is the same book as Crush the boards with a different format. Therefore one should decide which approach works better for you and pick one or the other. They are good review books.

Just where to start
I'm a foreign graduate from Paraguay. (Mbae'ichapa?)
After 6 years of medical school, you don't know where start to study or review your concepts for the Step 2 exam. This is an excellent book, easy to understand, question-answer form; take my advice and start from this book, keep on mind all the topics describe there, then complete with your school books.
For non-native English speakers, remember to practice to read fast in English for the exam. ... Read more

Book Description

A Practical, Up-To-Date Guide To Modern Methods In The Analysis Of Time To Event Data.
The rapid proliferation of powerful and affordable statistical software packages over the past decade has inspired the development of an array of valuable new methods for analyzing survival time data. Yet there continues to be a paucity of statistical modeling guides geared to the concerns of health-related researchers who study time to event data. This book helps bridge this important gap in the literature.
Applied Survival Analysis is a comprehensive introduction to regression modeling for time to event data used in epidemiological, biostatistical, and other health-related research. Unlike other texts on the subject, it focuses almost exclusively on practical applications rather than mathematical theory and offers clear, accessible presentations of modern modeling techniques supplemented with real-world examples and case studies. While the authors emphasize the proportional hazards model, descriptive methods and parametric models are also considered in some detail. Key topics covered in depth include:
* Variable selection.
* Identification of the scale of continuous covariates.
* The role of interactions in the model.
* Interpretation of a fitted model.
* Assessment of fit and model assumptions.
* Regression diagnostics.
* Recurrent event models, frailty models, and additive models.
* Commercially available statistical software and getting the most out of it.
Applied Survival Analysis is an ideal introduction for graduate students in biostatistics and epidemiology, as well as researchers in health-related fields. ... Read more

Reviews (4)

nice introduction
This book provides a good, clear, concise explanation of Cox's proportional hazards models. For someone seeking a non-mathematical description this is a great guide. The original datasets from the text examples can even be downloaded and you can go through the same process yourself. Because of some mistakes in the text, I would recomend looking at other sources as well.

Great conceptual Introduction to Cox regression analysis
I enjoyed the authors' book on logistic regression analysis in 1989, and this book is just as good, or better, with many extremely practical suggestions on building regression models for survival data. Happily, the authors summarize, compare, and contrast several major texts on survival analysis which have appeared in the past 10 years. For example, they discuss different names used by different authors for score residuals. They present a helpful appendix on the counting process approach to survival analysis, which will make more advanced texts accessible to students; thus, anyone who wants to use survival analysis, at any level, should consult this book, even if he has already studied books by Miller, Lee, Collett, Fleming-Harington,Andersen, et al, etc. An unfortunate drawback to this book is that the first printing contains many careless errors, some of which may affect student learning: for example, the definition of a survival function is misstated. I recommend that you insist on the second or third printing when buying this book, and you will be quite satisfied.

A clear, simple introduction to survival models
Hosmer and Lemeshow have given us a clear, nontechnical introduction to using survival models. The book strikes a good balance between covering the basics and addressing the most recent, state-of-the-art techniques, including repeated events, frailty models, and others. They also do a good job of addressing practical issues, including estimation details and available software. While most of the examples are drawn from medicine and biostatistics, this book could also serve as a useful starting point for social and behavioral scientists interesting in learning the fundamentals of these models, as well as a useful reference for applied researchers.

Excellent Nontechnical Coverage of Survival Analysis
Applied Survival Analysis is an excellent book for someone seeking a non-mathematicial explanation of survival analysis. The book covers the motivation behind the development of survival analysis, estimation of survival curves, the Cox proportionial hazards, and some parametric models. The book also covers the major methods used in variable selection, model building, and diagnostics. Someone with an undergraduate background in statistics and econometrics will understand the book. The book relies on text to discuss the methods and uses mathematical formulas only when absolutely necessary. Numerous examples are used to highlight what the text covers. The math that is used is easily understandable. This book is ideal for someone who needs to learn the tools of survival analysis but not how they were derived. ... Read more

Book Description

All investigators funded by the National Institutes of Health are now required to receive training about the ethics of clinical research. Based on a course taught by the editors at NIH, Ethical and Regulatory Aspects of Clinical Research is the first book designed to help investigators meet this new requirement. The book begins with the history of human subjects research and guidelines instituted since World War II. It then covers various stages and components of the clinical trial process: designing the trial, recruiting participants, ensuring informed consent, studying special populations, and conducting international research. Concluding chapters address conflicts of interest, scientific misconduct, and challenges to the IRB system. The appendix provides sample informed consent forms.

This book will be used in undergraduate courses on research ethics and in schools of medicine and public health by students who are or will be carrying out clinical research. Professionals in need of such training and bioethicists also will be interested. ... Read more

Book Description

Investigation of the functional architecture of the human brain using modern noninvasive imaging techniques is a rapidly expanding area of research. A proper knowledge of methodology is needed to appreciate the burgeoning literature in the field. This timely publication provides an excellent catalogue of the main techniques.

The authors offer an invaluable analysis of mapping strategies and techniques, providing everything from the foundations to the major pitfalls and practical applications of the modern techniques used in neuroimaging. Contains over 1000 full color pages with more than 200 color figures.

Spanning the methodological gamut from the molecular level to the whole brain while discussing anatomy, physiology, and pathology, as well as their integration, Brain Mapping: The Methods, 2e, brings the reader a comprehensive, well-illustrated and entirely readable description of the methods for brain mapping. Drs. Toga and Mazziotta provide everything from the foundations to the major pitfalls and practical applications of the technique by assembling an impressive group of experts, all widely known in their field, who contribute an outstanding set of chapters. ... Read more

Book Description

Advances in computers and biotechnology have had an immense impact on the biomedical fields, with broad consequences for humanity. Correspondingly, new areas of probability and statistics are being developed specifically to meet the needs of this area. There is now a necessity for a text that introduces probability and statistics in the bioinformatics context. This book also describes some of the main statistical applications in the field, including BLAST, gene finding, and evolutionary inference, much of which has not yet been summarized in an introductory textbook format. This book grew out of a need to teach bioinformatics to graduate students at the University of Pennsylvania. At the same time however, it is organized to appeal to a wider audience. In particular it should appeal to any biologist or computer scientist who wants to know more about the statistical methods of the field, as well as to a trained statistician who wishes to become involved in bioinformatics. The earlier chapters introduce the concepts of probability and statistics at an elementary level, and will be accessible to students who have only had introductory calculus and linear algebra. Later chapters are immediately accessible to the trained statistician. Only a basic understanding of biological concepts is assumed, and all concepts are explained when used or can be understood from the context. Several chapters contain material independent of that in other chapters, so that the reader interested in certain areas can proceed directly to those areas.

Warren Ewens is Professor of Biology at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of two books, Population Genetics and Mathematical Population Genetics, and has served on the editorial boards of Theoretical Population Biology, GENETICS, Proceeding of the Royal Society B and SIAM Journal in Mathematical Biology. He was recently awarded the Gold Medal of the Australian Statistical Society and elected as Fellow of the Royal Society. His research interests are in evolutionary population genetics, linkage analysis for human diseases, and bioinformatics.

Gregory Grant is a bioinformatics researcher at the University of Pennsylvania in the Computational Biology and Informatics Laboratory (CBIL), where he has been since 1998. In 1995 he received a Ph.D. in Mathematics from the University of Maryland and in 1999 a Masters in Computer Science from the University of Pennsylvania. His research interests are in bioinformatics in general and in particular in the statistical analysis of gene expression data and significance testing methods for IBD-mapping. ... Read more

Reviews (5)

Disappointing overview
This book is a tremendous disappointment, given other Amazon reviews and the impressive Table of Contents. I picked several topics about which I know something: Likelihoods, P-values, bootstraps. I would have had NO idea about either of these subjects based on the poor delivery in this book. Topics are not well introduced, there are virtually no examples, and the introduction/discussion of most topics is wordy and not informative.

A topic such as the two-sample t-statistic is scattered throughout the book, with the main part not even cited in the index!

Unfortunately there are not a lot of books in the field of Statistics in Bioinformatics. However, I would recommend "The Elements of Statistical Learning" (Hastie et al.) for classifiers etc (Duda and Hart's classic is also good). I would recommend "Biostatistical Analysis" by Zar for a general coverage, and Terry Speed's "stat Labs: Mathematical Statistics ..." which is not comprehensive but has good lab examples with associated statistical analysis.

Pretty good overview
This book is a timely introduction to the mathematical statistics used in computational biology and bioinformatics. The authors have done a superb job in the overview of a subject that students of biology and bioinformatics can rely on for study and for reference. The mathematics is done at an advanced undergraduate level, but the authors are pragmatic in their approach, and interlace the discussion with biological applications immediately after the appropriate mathematical background has been developed. It thus seems appropriate to discuss the quality of the presentation with these applications in mind.

Chapter one begins, appropriately, with an introduction to probability theory, with a consideration of discrete probability distributions of one variable beginning the chapter. The Bernoulli, binomial, uniform, geometric, generalized geometric, and Poisson distributions are discussed. The authors point out the use of geometric-like distributions in the BLAST application. The also caution the reader as to the difference between the mean and the average of a random variable. They then move on to consider continuous distributions, discussing briefly the uniform, Normal, exponential, gamma, and beta distributions. Moment-generating functions are also introduced, and they prove a "convexity" theorem for these functions that is important in the BLAST application. The authors also introduce the relative entropy and generalized support statistics, the later also being used in BLAST.

The next chapter is an overview of probability theory in many random variables. The results in chapter one are discussed in this context, and the authors give an interesting application to the sequencing of EST libraries. The authors also point out that the variance of the maximum of a collection random variables is finite as the number of variables increases, a fact that is used quite often in bioinformatics. Transformations of random variables are also discussed, with the goal of showing how these can be used to find the density function of a single random variable, this also being important in BLAST.

The most important subject of the book begins in chapter 3, wherein the authors introduce statistical inference. They begin with a very brief discussion of the differences between the frequentist and Bayesian approaches to statistical inference and then move on to classical hypothesis testing and nonparametric tests. This chapter is of great value to those readers, for example biologists/would-be bioinformaticists who are approaching statistics for the first time.

Chapter 4 introduces concepts that are of upmost importance in probabilistic computational biology, namely Markov chains. The discussion in this chapter sets up the strategies used in the next chapter on analyzing a single DNA sequence and a latter chapter on hidden Markov models. Shotgun sequencing is discussed as a tool to determine the an actual DNA sequence, and the authors discuss the probabilistic issues that arise in the reconstruction of long DNA sequences from shorter sequences. Missing in this chapter is a mathematical analysis of the advantages/disadvantages between shotgun and whole genome sequencing strategies.

Chapter 6 then generalizes the analysis of chapter 5 to multiple DNA and protein sequences. It is here that one begins to talk about alignments between sequences, which bring about some very subtle mathematical problems in computational biology. The computational complexity of the (global) alignment problem entails the use of softer techniques, such as dynamic programming, which is discussed in this chapter. The (local) alignment problem is also discussed in some detail, using the linear gap model. The alignment problem and the issues with scoring for protein sequences are also discussed in detail. The reader first encounters the famous PAM and BLOSUM matrices in this chapter. The authors do not discuss any connections with the protein folding problem, unfortunately.

The next chapter introduces the basic probability theory behind the BLAST algorithm, namely random walks. They do so with emphasis on moment generating functions, which might be a little abstract for the biologist reader.

The authors return to tatistical estimation and hypothesis testing in chapter 8, with maximum liklihood and fixed sample size tests discussed in some detail. Again connecting with the BLAST algorithm, the sequential probability ratio test is treated.

The authors finally get down to the BLAST algorithm in chapter 9, using an older version of the software (1.4). The connection of the algorithm with random walks and how to assign scores is immediately apparent, as is the ability of BLAST to do database queries against a chosen sequence. The algorithm is compared with the sequential analysis discussed in the last chapter.

The authors return to Markov chains in chapter 10, and give some numerical examples. In addition, they treat the important topic of Markov chain Monte Carlo via the Hastings-Metropolis algorithm, Gibbs sampling, and simulated annealing. An application of simulated annealing to the double digest problem is described. The authors also spend a litte time discussing continuous-time Markov chains.

Hidden Markov models are finally discussed in chapter 11. These have been the most effective tools in sequence analysis and the authors give a nice overview of their construction and properties in this chapter. The Pfam package is discussed as a software implementation of HMMs for determining protein domains. Unfortunately, they do not discuss the excellent package HMMER for implementing HMMs in sequence analysis.

Chapter 12 discusses computationally intensive methods in classical inference. One of these methods, the bootstrap procedure, which is used for large sample sizes, is described. Used to estimate confidence intervals in situations where there is not enough information to employ classical methods, the authors detail a method using quantiles to estimate the confidence interval for the standard deviation of the expression intensity of a gene. This is followed by a return to the multiple testing problem of chapter 3 in the context of the data analysis of expression arrays.

I did not read the last two chapters on evolutionary models and phylogenetic tree estimation so I will omit their review.

guide into the right direction
This is one of the books I have been waiting for. For a population geneticist who wants to learn bioinformatics, most texts are unacceptable: They present heuristic methods in a cookbook fashion, with little reference to what is going on biologically as well as mathematically.

This book is the first exception I know of. It builds, and rests on, solid foundations of genetic stochastic processes and still goes all the way to real-life problems. Let me illustrate this by means of an example, rather than enumerating all the topics in the book.

Chap. 14, entitled `phylogenetic tree estimation' (as opposed to the more common term `phylogenetic tree reconstruction' - not without reason, I presume) builds on, and is firmly interlaced with, Chap. 13 about `evolutionary models', which systematizes the zoo (if not jungle) of substitution models in both discrete and continuous time. On this basis, the overview of tree-building methods makes a lot of sense. Even better, it does not stop here, but presents an application (to real sequence data), followed by a careful analysis of where the various methods agree, and where - and maybe why - they disagree. This way, it clears away some common misconceptions; in particular, it presents a careful analysis of what bootstrap does and what it does not in this context. The chapter closes with a discussion of unresolved problems (like inhomogeneity of substitution rates), and methods and possible pitfalls related to testing of nested and non-nested hypotheses in tree estimation.

The book is written in an informal style without being imprecise, which makes it pleasant reading. It is particularly suitable for teaching at a high level. This is enhanced by realistic (and even real-life) examples that furnish the text, as well as carefully chosen exercises at the end of each chapter.

Certainly, this first edition of `Statistical Methods in Bioinformatics' cannot be the last word in this fast-moving field. But it is an excellent guide into the `right' direction.

poor delivery but potentially useful
The book is written for practicing statisticians who gave a good command of mathematical aspects of statistics. It presents classical topics in statistics (such as statistical inference, random variables and estimation theory) in a flavor of the author's impressions about bioinformatics. It is an excellent idea to present statistics that way. However I also feel that the authors failed to clearly distinguish statistical theory from its specific implementations. Departure from the typical definition-theorem-proof style of mathematical texts is hard on mathematically literate readers for whom this book was written in the first place. It is painful to try to find needed definitions and provable statements in the text even if formulas are numbered. In addition melanges of rigorous theorems with implementations of their consequences make parts of the book devoted to DNA sequence analysis difficult to read.

The authors appear not to have much personal experience with sequence analysis and their exposition seems to be dominated by suggestions from not very honest or objective colleagues. At least that much can be inferred from the list of references given at the end of the book and the content of sequence-analysis-oriented chapters 5, 6 and section 11.3 of chapter 11. On the other hand, chapters 9 (about BLAST statistics), 13 (about evolutionary models), and 14 (about phylogenetic trees) are excellent. Every practicing bioinformatician should read them as a required reading before doing anything with BLAST or with construction of evolutionary trees.

Chapter 12 about computationally intensive methods is also very well written. However, the authors fail to notify the reader that many of the methods (such as bootstrap) have a really bad reputation among researchers involved in sequence analysis. Perhaps at least one sentence of warning (with references) could be in order.

In summary: The book is a mixed blessing but I would recommend it to statisticians who desire to do some work in bioinformatics. I also believe that chapters 9, 13 and 14 should be read by all practicing bioinformaticians.

great book on hot new topic
This topic should be of prime interest to statisticians. The authors are mathematical biologists and they bring out the theory and methodology in probability and statistics that is applicable to DNA and protein sequencing and matching. They provide a treatment of probability, stochastic processes and statistics that starts with the very basics and builds up.

Topics include basic probability and statistical inference, Poisson processes and Markov chains, DNA sequencing, hidden Markov models, computer intensive methods, evolutionary models and phylogenetic tree estimation.

Of particular interest to me is the material on permutation methods and the bootstrap. The bootstrap has been applied in phylogenetics and there has been some controversy about its application there. The authors cover this in Chapter 14 where they appear to have a resolution for the controversy.

Permutation tests are first discussed in Chapter 3 "A Introduction to Statistical Inferrence" and are compared with other computer intensive methods in Chapter 12. In Section 12.3 they discuss the Behrens-Fisher problem pointing out why permutation tests are not possible due to the unequal variances. They give the bootstrap t solution. Section 12.2.2 gives a brief, but nicely described, account of bootstrap estimation and confidence intervals and provides a number of references including the following books: Efron and Tibshirani (1993), Davison and Hinkley (1997), Efron (1982), Hall (1992), Manly (1997), Sprent (1998) and Chernick (1999). Bootstrap and permutation approaches to multiple testing are covered in Section 12.4. ... Read more

Book Description

Here is absolutely everything medical students need to know about biostatistics and quantitative methods as applied to medicine, clinical practice, and research. Case study approach introduces problems at the beginning of each chapter, to clarify concepts. Includes CD-ROM of data sets. ... Read more

Reviews (6)

Avoid it if you can
Its obvious from reading the first few chapters that the authors lack a basic understanding of the subject. For example they talk of Odds Ratio as if it was same as Relative Risk. The good thing is that they cover everything - you only have to be careful while reading it. The errata in the book is pretty obvious but the authors seem to have no time or inclination to update the website of this book.

Book Review for the 2nd edition:,
A hard plus if your looking for pregrad. introductory clinical biostatistics. However I agree with other reviews that the layout or format could be arranged more powerfully, and the mechanics explained with more and better examples with a little more detail. Some of the examples in the book are excellent. I, especially, liked the Methods for Analyzing Survival. I disliked the explanations on statististical power as well as calculating sample populations necessary (n=?)to obtain clinical significance. This book is a good bone to start knawing on, however, the meat is found in other supplemental texts; therefore, reference footnotes are needed which- nowadays- should include, reference books, journals and webpages.

Book Review for the 3rd edition: Just the Facts
1. Huge breadth: covers topics of interest to clinicians and plenty of material (see below) for aspiring researchers. Algorithms and lay-out keeps the big picture easily in view. 2. Solved problems: methodical answers, clear, instructive. 3. Appropriate depth: is mathematically correct -- not oversimiplified at the cost of accuracy -- while introducing the key formulas and concepts. Much explanatory text makes the ideas clear rather than esoteric derivations. 4. Includes statistics software: menu-driven so "user friendly," has basic and advanced functions. 5. Practical approach: sample problems and exercises are modelled around cases rather than just theory. These cases have data-base directly on the accompanying software so readers may 'learn' and then 'do' immediately. 6. I learned a lot from this book :-)

Poor layout and poor explanation of the mechanics
If you are looking for a book that will teach and train you in the concepts and mechanics of biostatistics, don't buy this one. The lay-out of the text is too cramped. The definitions and explanations are often poorly worded. The sections within a chapter see