Book Description

In recent years, researchers have increasingly recognized the dominant role of the local atomic environment in controlling the electronic structure and properties of materials.This recognition has spawned the "real-space" approach that provides a coherent framework for the study of perfect and defective crystals and non-crystalline materials.In addition to presenting these ideas, this text details the reciprocal-space approach--exemplified in band theory--and draws powerful links between the two approaches. The book includes illustrations and examples of many up-to-date calculations based on density functional theory that are used today as predictive tools in materials science.Throughout the book, the mathematical complexity is kept to a minimum, while comprehensive problem sets allow readers to master the fundamental concepts.The text provides for students in materials science, physics, and chemistry a unique introduction to predictive modelling of the electronic structure and properties in today's materials. ... Read more

Book Description

The four-volume treatment Modern Crystallography presents an encyclopaedic exposition of problems concerned with the structure of crystals, their growth and properties. Fundamentals of Crystals, the first volume, deals in a tutorial style with the general characteristics of crystalline matter, the principles of crystallography and its theoretical basis, the theory of symmetry, and the methods for analyzing the atomic structure of crystals. The shapes and the 3-dimensional structures are treated. This text also outlines the basis of the diffraction methods used for investigating crystal structures. ... Read more

Book Description

Solitons are a well-known and intriguing aspect of nonlinear behavior in a continuous system such as a fluid: a wave propagates through the medium without distortion. Liquid crystals are highly ordered systems without a rigid, long-range structure. Solitons in liquid crystals (sometimes referred to as "walls") have a wide variety of remarkable properties that are becoming important for practical applications such as electroluminescent display. This book, the first review of the subject to be published, contains not only surveys of the existing literature, but presents new results as well. ... Read more

Book Description

Modern structural applications of crystallography make extensive use of statistical methods, in particular the probability density function (pdf) of the magnitude of the structure factor. Similarly, direct methods of phase determination have been responsible for much of the success of crystallography - methods based on properties of joint pdfs. This monograph, from two authorities in the field of structure factor statics, presents a survey of techniques and theories in this field of research in a self-contained and consistent way, with an emphasis on the probabilistic principles involved. ... Read more

Book Description

Hardbound. Part A reviews the basic techniques of halide, organometallic and molecular beam epitaxy, liquid and solid phase epitaxial techniques, rapid solidification by pulsed laser annealing and laser ablation of oxide thin films. The final chapter is devoted to the growth of diamond films.

Part B covers the underlying mechanisms and dynamics of epitaxial growth processes including nucleation, structural, kinetic and transport effects. In addition, refinements of some of the growth techniques described in Part A such as atomic layer, migration-enhanced and photo-assisted epitaxial processes are also described. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

thin films and epitaxy
...any library in the materials science or chemical engineering departments of universities should carry these volumes.... I would recommend it to academics in the crystal growth field who want to have a complete reference work they can use to ensure their students are well grounded in the fundamentals and also to industrial crystal-growers who now and then need to understand why it is that what they do actually works. ... Read more

Book Description

Objects that differ from their mirror images, such as the left and right hands, play an important role in physics at all lengths scales, from elementary particles to macroscopic systems. The handedness, or chirality, of molecules in liquid crystals has a remarkable influence on the macroscopic physical properties of these systems, including the appearance of new phases. Indeed, the majority of optical applications of liquid crystals is due to chiral structures, namely the thermochromic effect of cholesteric liquid crystals, the optical activity in twisted nematic liquid crystal displays, and the ferroelectric and antiferroelectric switching of smectic liquid crystals.

This book describes the main aspects of chirality in liquid crystals, and points out some of the open questions of current research. The chapters, each by an expert in the field, reviews the highlights of the important topics and representative questions in the field of chiral liquid crystals. Two of the chapters provide an overview (including suggestions for classroom experiments) so that the book will be of interest to teachers and researchers just entering the field in addition to those already working in liquid-crystal research. ... Read more

Book Description

'Liquid Crystallinity in Polymers' focuses on the wealth of scientific ideas and approaches which has accompanied the rapid growth of this field over the past two decades. The author highlights the molecular basis for liquid crystallinity in polymers, including lyotropic, thermotropic, mainchain, sidechain systems and mixtures.
An entire section is devoted to conformational aspects of polymeric mesogens. A section describing current molecular
theories follows. Another section on experimental behavior analyzes the performance of these theories, pointing out areas where further investigation is needed.
A final section deals with elastic and viscous properties, with defects and textures and with rheology of LCP. ... Read more

Book Description

Paperback. ... Read more

Book Description

Details the principles and mechanisms of, and the equipment and optimal working conditions for, the liquid-chromatographic separation of well-defined oligomeric species and fractions with narrow molecular weight distribution. ... Read more

Book Description

The critically acclaimed laboratory standard for more than forty years, Methods in Enzymology is one of the most highly respected publications in the field of biochemistry. Since 1955, each volume has been eagerly awaited, frequently consulted, and praised by researchers and reviewers alike. More than 270 volumes have been published (all of them still in print) and much of the material is relevant even today--truly an essential publication for researchers in all fields of life sciences.

Key Features
* Crystal Growth
* Phase Determination
* Instrumentation and Data Collection
* Model Building
* Refinement ... Read more

Book Description

Providing the first comprehensive overview of the method of crystal growth in gels, Professor Henisch reviews the field, covering the underlying physics as well as the empirical experience of growth techniques accumulated over the past century.In addition, the book discusses the phenomenon of periodic precipitation, which often governs the distribution of crystal in laboratory growth systems. For the first time, computer techniques are brought to bear on the subject, the diffusion equations being solved numerically, in association with the conditions governing precipitations and crystal growth. ... Read more

Book Description

Understanding the mechanisms of crystallization processes on the molecular level is an essential step in the control of the formation of crystals. These crystals may be a desirable solid product or an undesirable precipitate. Crystallization Processes

• covers the theory, research, applications and control of crystallization processes from a homogeneous liquid to a solid phase.
• considers the behaviour of ions and molecules in homogeneous supersaturated solutions and also in liquid metals and ionic melts.
• discusses recent work on ionic solvation— desolvation phenomena, association of ions and molecules in solution and precipitation and dissolution of crystals.
• includes the mechanism of crystallization of calcium carbonate and other simple inorganic electrolytes, amino acids, lipids and proteins.

Book Description

This highly illustrated monograph provides a comprehensive study of the structure and function of proteins, nucleic acids and viruses using synchrotron radiation and crystallography. Synchrotron radiation is intense, polychromatic and finely collimated, and is highly effective for probing the structure of macromolecules. This is a fast-expanding field, and this timely monograph gives a complete introduction to the technique and its uses. Beginning with chapters on the fundamentals of macromolecular crystallography and macromolecular structure, the book goes on to review the sources and properties of synchrotron radiation, instrumentation and data collection. There are chapters on the Laue method, on diffuse X-ray scattering and on variable wavelength dispersion methods. The book concludes with a description and survey of applications including studies at high resolution, the use of small crystals, the study of large unit cells, and time-resolved crystallography (particularly of enzymes). Appendices are provided which present essential information for the synchrotron user as well as information about synchrotron facilities currently available. A detailed bibliography and reference section completes the volume. Many tables, diagrams and photographs are included. ... Read more

Book Description

How can elements be combined to produce a solid with specified properties? This book acquaints readers with the established principles of crystallography and cohesive forces needed to address the fundamental relationship among composition, structure and bonding. Starting with an introduction to periodic trends, the book discusses crystal structures and the various primary and secondary bonding types, and finishes by describing a number of models for predicting phase stability and structure. Its large number of worked examples, exercises, and detailed descriptions of numerous crystal structures make this an outstanding advanced undergraduate or graduate-level textbook for students of materials science. ... Read more