Book Description

This book describes for the first time how Monte Carlo modeling methods can be applied to electron microscopy and microanalysis. Computer programs for two basic types of Monte Carlo simulation are developed from physical models of the electron scattering process--a single scattering program capable of high accuracy but requiring long computation times, and a plural scattering program which is less accurate but much more rapid.Optimized for use on personal computers, the programs provide a real time graphical display of the interaction. The programs are then used as the starting point for the development of programs aimed at studying particular effects in the electron microscope, including backscattering, secondary electron production, EBIC and cathodo-luminescence imaging, and X-ray microanalysis.The computer code is given in a fully annotated format so that it may be readily modified for specific problems.Throughout, the author includes numerous examples of how such applications can be used. Students and professionals using electron microscopes will want to read this important addition to the literature. ... Read more

Book Description

Since its invention in 1982, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has enabled users to obtain images reflecting surface electronic structure with atomic resolution. This technology has proved indispensable as a characterization tool with applications in surface physics, chemistry, materials science, bio-science, and data storage media.It has also shown great potential in areas such as the semiconductor and optical quality control industries.Scanning Force Microscopy, Revised Edition updates the earlier edition's survey of the many rapidly developing subjects concerning the mapping of a variety of forces across surfaces, including basic theory, instrumentation, and applications. It also includes important new research in STM and a thoroughly revised bibliography.Academic and industrial researchers using STM, or wishing to know more about its potential, will find this book an excellent introduction to this rapidly developing field. ... Read more

Book Description

This book provides a thorough introduction to the physics of molecules and clusters in intense laser fields.It presents both theoretical and experimental aspects of the subject, and covers new research in the area of clusters in intense laser fields.The book discusses femto second pulse production and diagnostics, and covers diatomic and polyatomic molecules, as well as coherent control.This book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in atomic, molecular and optical physics.It will also be suitable as a reference text for advanced physics courses. ... Read more

Book Description

This book gives a comprehensive account of both experimental and theoretical aspects of electron microprobe analysis, and is an extensively updated version of the seminal first edition, published in 1975. The design and operation of the instrument, including the electron column and both wavelength- and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers, are covered in the first part of the book. Experimental procedures for qualitative and quantitative analysis, using both types of spectrometer, are then discussed. Matrix ('ZAF') corrections, as required for quantitative analysis, are treated in some detail from both theoretical and practical viewpoints. Special considerations applying to the analysis of 'light' elements (atomic number below 10) are covered in a separate chapter. The emphasis throughout is on a sound understanding of principles and the treatment is applicable equally to the electron microprobe in its 'classical' form and to scanning electron microscopes fitted with X-ray spectrometers. ... Read more

Book Description

"Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy" is an introductory practical guide to the use of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the laboratory. EELS is a technique used in the transmission electron microscope, in materials or physical science laboratories, to examine the microstructure and characteristics of materials. "Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy" is an ideal starting point for newcomers to the area, and introduces the subject and explains the techniques involved. It serves as a practical guide for graduates and researchers with little or no experience of the EELS technique. This book uses clear explanations to allow first-time users to fully understand the technique and to appreciate how useful results can be obtained. ... Read more

Book Description

Laser Physics at Relativistic Intensities is a comprehensive presentation for both advanced scientists and students as an introduction. Nonlinear interactions of relativistically intense electromagnetic radiation and matter are considered. New basic laser pulse propagation regimes, including relativistic and charge-displacement self-channeling and instabilities of electromagnetic radiation in plasmas (Raman scattering by plasmons, harmonics excitation, collective Compton effect), are treated using fully nonlinear models, analytical techniques, and simulations. Material is presented on both qualitative and mathematically formal levels. Simulation results are extensively illustrated. Most of the results described were obtained in recent years. ... Read more

Book Description

The European Microanalysis Society held its Fifth Workshop in Torquay in May 1997. This volume includes the revised presentations of 12 tutorials and 50 papers from leadings experts in the fields covering the following main topics: X-ray spectrometry, analytical electron microscopy, surface studies, bulk analysis, fundamental parameters. ... Read more

Book Description

This book presents the first comprehensive collection of solved problems in laser physics covering both fundamental and applied aspects of laser science and technology. The framework of the book, including structuring of topics and notations, closely follows that adopted in the Principles of Laser book by Professor O. Svelto. The collection of problems presented in this book appears therefore a natural complement to Svelto's textbook for testing and developing the skills acquired in the reading of the theory; however, it may also be a useful support to any general textbook on laser physics, wherein problems are usually not solved in detail. We remark that this is, to our knowledge, the first book to provide a complete and satisfactory set of solved problems in such a highly developing field of science and technology. The problems fall mainly into three distinct categories: (i) numerical/applied problems, which help the reader to become confident and familiar with the basic concepts and methods of laser physics, and to acquire a feeling for numerical parameters entering in real-world laser systems; (ii) complementary problems, that present in detail demonstrations of some analytical parts not given in the textbook; and (iii) advanced problems, aimed either to provide a deeper understanding of the subject or to cover more recent developments in the field.Audience: This book is primarily intended for undergraduate and graduate students in physics, engineering, and chemistry. However, it may also be a useful tool for industrial professionals working in the field of laser technologies and laser applications, as well as for researchers interested in basic aspects of real-world lasers and related fields. ... Read more

Book Description

Although the polymerase chain reaction has revolutionized genetic analysis by amplifying rare nucleic acid sequences, the in situ application is the only method that allows the localization of amplified signal within tissue structure.The applications of in situ polymerase chain reaction have greatly enhanced the field of investigation in many disciplines, including viral infections, gene modification, tumor diagnosis, gene therapy, and cellular distribution of rare mRNA copies.PCR/RT-PCR in situ: Light and Electron Microscopy covers methods of in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), two new approaches in visualizing very low amounts of DNA and RNA in tissues and cell cultures at the light and electron microscopy levels. Written by experts in this field, the book provides theoretical consideration, as well as practical approaches to in situ PCR. The authors provide detailed protocols for each step, including the preparation of tissue samples, the rationale for the design of primers and revelation. They also emphasize the need for appropriate controls to meet the requirements of in situ PCR and RT-PCR specificity.Organized in a user-friendly two-column format, this book will provide you with tools necessary to perform and optimize these sensitive and powerful techniques in your research protocols. ... Read more

Book Description

High Field Science is a proceedings volume from a meeting at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, and contains papers from the top experts in the fields of ultraintense laser technology, laser fusion energy, high energy laser electron acceleration, bright X-ray sources by lasers, laboratory laser astrophysics, and applications to relativity, high density and high energy physics. ... Read more

Book Description

Experienced and novice holographers receive a solid foundation in the theory and practice of holography, the next generation of imagingtechnology, in this superb text. The book's `how to' aspects enablereaders to learn hologram acquisition at the microscope and processing of holograms at the computer as well as digital imaging techniques. A complete bibliography on electron holography and applications of the method to problems inmaterials science, physics and the life sciences round out the volume's coverage. ... Read more