Book Description

Plasmas and their interaction with materials have become subjects of major interest because of their importance in modern forefront technologies such as microelectronics, fusion energy, and space. Plasmas are used in microelectronics to process semiconductors (etching of patterns for microcircuits, plasma-induced deposition of thin films, etc.); plasmas produce deleterious erosion effects on surfaces of materials used for fusion devices and spaceships exposed to the low earth environment.
Diagnostics of plasmas and materials exposed to them are fundamental to the understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena involved. Plasma Diagnostics provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject.
short version, TJE_
Plasmas and their interaction with materials have become subjects of major interest because of their importance in modern forefront technologies such as microelectronics, fusion energy, and space. Diagnostics of plasmas and materials exposed to them are fundamental to the understanding of the physical and chemical phenomena involved. Plasma Diagnostics provides a comprehensive treatment of the subject. ... Read more

Book Description

An indispensable tool for those working at the front lines of new drug development
Written for busy professionals at the forefront of new drug development, Drug Delivery gets readers quickly up to speed on both the principles and latest applications in the increasingly important field of drug delivery.
Recent developments in such areas as combinatorial chemistry, proteomics, and genomics have revolutionized researchers' ability to rapidly identify and synthesize new pharmacological compounds. However, delivery-related properties remain a significant reason for clinical trial failures.
Bringing together contributions by leading international experts, Drug Delivery covers the entire field in a systematic but concise way. It begins with an in-depth review of key fundamentals, such as physiochemical and biological barriers; drug delivery pathways; metabolism; drug formulation; pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic issues; and more. The remainder of the book is devoted to the systematic examination-including overviews, timely examples, and extensive references-of a host of specific subjects, including:
* Receptor-mediated drug delivery
* Prodrug delivery approaches
* Oral protein and peptide drug delivery
* Gene therapy and gene delivery
* Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery
* Polycationic peptides and proteins in drug delivery
* Pulmonary drug delivery
* Antibody-directed drug delivery
* Efflux transporters in drug excretion
* Intellectual property issues in drug delivery ... Read more

Book Description

Imposing letters onto ceramics started as an ancient form of communication and has gradually evolved into an art form in its own right. Mary White shows how this tradition has developed, covering methods of imposing letters on to clay, including stamping, stencils, slip trailing, resist methods, carving and relief work amongst others. She also looks at a number of artists working in this area, showing beautiful examples of their work, and examining their approach and methods of lettering. As well as many beautiful images of ceramics with lettering, there is also a selection of calligraphic alphabets to use for inspiration or to copy. ... Read more

Book Description

Practical Organic Mass Spectrometry Second Edition A Guide for Chemical and Biochemical Analysis J. R. Chapman Kratos Analytical Instruments, Manchester, UK This volume provides a comprehensive survey of current techniques for the use of mass spectrometry in organic chemical and biochemical analysis. Every aspect of modern instrumentation and technique is discussed. The new edition retains the effective division of material applied in the author's previous volume-theory, practical requirements and applications. However, it has been thoroughly revised and extended to include all recent advances in mass spectrometry, and is complete with extensive references. This is essentially a book for the practising mass spectroscopist which will appeal to both biochemists and organic chemists. Some familiarity with basic principles is assumed but the author has employed a style which makes this volume suitable for beginners and more advanced students alike. The present volume will be particularly valuable to anyone who wishes to evaluate and compare alternative techniques. Main Contents-Instrumentation; Sample Introduction; Chemical lonization (lon-Molecule Reactions); Negative lon Chemical lonization; The lonization of Labile Materials (Part I); The lonization of Labile Materials (Part II); Tandem Mass Spectrometry (The Dissociation of lons); Quantitative Analysis. ... Read more

Book Description

Complex chemically reacting flow simulations are commonly employed to develop quantitative understanding and to optimize reaction conditions in systems such as combustion, catalysis, chemical vapor deposition, and other chemical processes. Although reaction conditions, geometries, and fluid flow can vary widely among the applications of chemically reacting flows, all applications share a need for accurate, detailed descriptions of the chemical kinetics occurring in the gas-phase or on reactive surfaces. Chemically Reacting Flow: Theory and Practice combines fundamental concepts in fluid mechanics and physical chemistry, assisting the student and practicing researcher in developing analytical and simulation skills that are useful and extendable for solving real-world engineering problems.

The first several chapters introduce transport processes, primarily from a fluid-mechanics point of view, incorporating computational simulation from the outset. The middle section targets physical chemistry topics that are required to develop chemically reacting flow simulations, such as chemical thermodynamics, molecular transport, chemical rate theories, and reaction mechanisms. The final chapters deal with complex chemically reacting flow simulations, emphasizing combustion and materials processing. Among other features, Chemically Reacting Flow: Theory and Practice:

-Advances a comprehensive approach to interweaving the fundamentals of chemical kinetics and fluid mechanics
-Embraces computational simulation, equipping the reader with effective, practical tools for solving real-world problems
-Emphasizes physical fundamentals, enabling the analyst to understand how reacting flow simulations achieve their results
-Provides a valuable resource for scientists and engineers who use Chemkin or similar software

Computer simulation of reactive systems is highly effective in the development, enhancement, and optimization of chemical processes. Chemically Reacting Flow helps prepare both students and professionals to take practical advantage of this powerful capability. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

best book on this subject
In my opinion this is the best book ever written on chemically reacting flow. Unlike many other books on this subject, it focuses on formulating models exactly and solving them using state-of-the-art computational methods. By "exactly" I mean models that attempt to simulate chemical kinetics and transport phenomena at the molecular level. The book is aimed at chemical engineering applications, and consequently it is limited to thermally compressible flows ( low Mach numbers). The problems at the end of the chapters are generally very good and frequently involve issues that arise in real research applications. My only quibble is that the chapter on reaction-rate theory focuses too much on QRRK methods, which were really superseded by RRKM theory about 50 years ago. ... Read more

Book Description

As chemical companies strive to be more competitive in the world economy, it is essential that their employees, including sales and marketing personnel, as well as administrative support groups understand the basic concepts of the science upon which the industry is based.The authors, who have over 100 years of combined experience in the chemical industry, developed this easy-to-read book to provide a fundamental understanding of the chemical industry for non-chemists and those poised to enter the chemical profession. Designed specifically for self-study, Chemistry and the Chemical Industry: A Practical Guide for Non-Chemists reviews the important aspects of industrial chemistry in a way that can be easily understood even if you have not taken any formal chemistry courses. The authors provide a clear, concise presentation of the foremost issues behind the chemical discipline along with key definitions and concepts so you can readily obtain an appreciation of the nature of the industry and its contribution to society.Even though you are not at the lab bench, you can still understand, recognize, and partake in discussions about the work being done at your company.Compiled in a straightforward and accessible manner, this book is unique in that it bridges the gap between nonscientific employees and the scientific world in which they operate.The first chapter begins with a description of the chemical industry.It defines the most common terms used in chemistry, drawing on nonscientific analogies whenever possible.In the following chapters, the authors review the concepts and terminology of organic and inorganic chemistry, polymer chemistry, high volume chemicals, and environmental concerns about chemical production with each subject presented as a graphic representation accompanied by a description.Finally, there is a short compilation of general information sources for further study. Chemistry and the Chemical Industry: A Practical Guide for Non-Chemists will allow you to communicate effectively within your organization and become more familiar with this vital industry. ... Read more

Book Description

Builds upon the advances documented in the first edition authored by Dr. Wesley L. Archer, The Dow Chemical Company. Key features include a glossary of relevant solvent terminology and an easy-to-reference index of synonymous terms for chemicals and solvents. ... Read more

Book Description

This revised study of the chemistry and pharmacology of aromatherapy oils offers a practical approach to learning the basics of essential oils. Moving step-by-step at the molecular level through 89 scents, this work includes useful diagrams as well as techniques for oil extraction. Discussed are techniques for applying the benefits of aromatherapy to different body systems including muscles and joints, the respiratory system, and the immune system. An ideal handbook for those interested in aromatherapy as a holistic therapy, this work also provides many tips for how even the most simple applications of aromatherapy can improve one's quality of life. ... Read more

Book Description

Chemical Exposures: Low Levels and High Stakes explains how day-to-day variations in chemical exposure may cause unusual and seemingly unpredictable symptoms, including many that have been termed psychosomatic in the past. It describes how everyday, low-level chemical exposures may cause fatigue, memory impairment, headaches, mood changes, breathing difficulties, digestive problems, and a host of chronic unexplained illnesses including chronic fatigue syndrome, Gulf War syndrome, and sick building syndrome. The authors are the first writers to clearly describe and document the process of adaptation, a concept that provides a rational and scientific basis for understanding these symptoms. In the Second Edition of this professionally acclaimed work, the authors offer evidence for an emerging new theory of disease-toxicant-induced loss of tolerance-which may have far-reaching implications for medicine, public health, and environmental policy. Based on a report commissioned by the New Jersey Department of Health that won the World Health Organization's Macedo Award, Chemical Exposures is the most comprehensive book ever written on sensitivity to low level chemical exposure and the many health effects associated with it. This work clarifies the nature of chemical sensitivity, shows how it differs from traditional allergies and toxicity, and suggests how federal and state governments can help those who are affected. The book identifies four major groups of people with hypersensitivity to low levels of chemicals: occupants of tight buildings, industrial workers who handle chemicals, residents of communities exposed to toxic chemicals, and individuals with random and unique exposures to various chemicals. The fact that similar symptoms are being reported by members of these demographically diverse groups not only points to a serious problem, it may also contribute to a better understanding of chemical sensitivity. Included are a number of features that will be invaluable to health professionals: * Clear, concise explanations of technical material * The most extensive bibliography to date on the subject * Tables contrasting different medical approaches * Descriptions of recent research and proposed mechanisms * An annotated bibliographical appendix highlighting illnesses that have been linked to environmental exposures * Policy recommendations for federal and state governments "Clinicians and policymakers would do well to read and heed the advice of this book."-Journal of the American Medical Association "Clinicians, researchers, and policymakers in this field would be well advised to read this landmark book."-American Public Health Association Newsletter "A milestone in the evolution of multiple chemical sensitivity."-Chemical and Engineering News ".groundbreaking and accessible.balanced and scholarly.essential reading for risk assessors, physicians, psychologists, attorneys concerned with toxic torts, public health officials, regulators, government decisionmakers, medical and environmental researchers, as well as laypersons."-Journal of Risk Analysis ... Read more

Reviews (5)

Well written and balanced presentation of data
Recent published studies have brought forth new and essential information that should be included when the authors update the book again (Ashford told me that he and Miller *will* eventually add another edition).

Ashford and Miller don't care what is politically incorrect. The book is extremely comprehensive, covering just about all of the literature pertaining to the adverse affects of certain chemicals. The authors have an appendix at the end listing sensitivities that have been observed in persons with other diseases as well. For example, one study showed that a significant number of patients with Schizophrenia (an organic disease with psychological manifestations) were sensitive to tobacco smoke. The results of many other fascinating studies are listed.

The book's 2 editions both discuss definitions, mechanisms, and etiology, among other things, with newer information in the second edition-the authors deliberately chose to add another edition, as opposed to updating the original. They did this because all of the info from the first edition remained accurate and appropriate.

The authors were "struck" by the consistency of the condition despite demographically diverse victims. This by itself is powerful evidence for organicity, but then the authors also discuss advances in ascertaining organic abnormalities (i.e., sluggish blood after eating certain foods[citing Rae], etc.). But again, recent information should be included in the next edition.

When the authors wrote the book they felt that a single case definition of MCS may be premature, if not unscientific. They felt that perhaps MCS is part of a new, poorly understood class disease-- in other words, a whole new class of disease. This new class of disease, they argue, may have a multiplicity of etiologies-see below---and mechanisms (as far as what chemical process creates symptoms).

They draw an analogy to infectious disease: Different germs cause different problems but the underlying mechanism is the same. We would never treat a fever and AIDS as one and the same, yet we know both are due to infections (or both are at least via immune system in etiology).

The authors argue that MCS is probably biopsychosocial, meaning it can be caused by psychological stressors, organic stressors, or varying combinations of organic and psychological stressors. "Etiologies for these conditions can be wholly physical, wholly psychological, or varying combinations of the two", write Ashford and Miller (pgs. 221-222).

Since MCS sufferers are frequently intolerant of various foods, drugs (medicines), alcohol, and caffeine, they feel that "MCS" is not the best term. They propose the term "Toxicant-Induced Loss of Tolerance" (TILT). TILT is said to be a 2-stage process: Initiation and triggering.

According to authors' research, the bodies of MCS/TILT sufferers become, in essence, addicted to the substances they're intolerant of. Thus, not only do they experience symptoms from exposures to substances they're intolerant of/ sensitive to, but then also from withdrawal from such exposures. It is a truly remarkable aspect of the condition(s?).

The authors thoroughly examine and criticize the writings of anti-MCS authors, including Gots (whose 96 work was labeled by the authors as "recycled opinion"). The authors severely criticize the notion that "the dose makes the poison", and make Gots look like an uninformed--or dishonest--fanatic.

Ashford and Miller are the ideal for objective scientists. Their rigorous analyses of data in regards to chemical sensitivity are inspiring. They also expose the politics surrounding the MCS "debate", why [biological] recognition has been slow and unjustifiably challenged.

This book is an excellent scientific resource for those who are seriously interested in obtaining [factual] knowledge about chemical sensitivity. If you are one such person and you choose to not own a copy of this book, you will be making a huge mistake.

Chemically exposed by this book
My own struggles with multiple chemical sensitivities led me to purchase Chemical Exposures, hoping to glean some helpful info. There may be helpful info; unfortunately the book is printed on such a toxic paper and/or ink that merely opening it makes me sick. Not much help there for the people who need it most. Too bad.

Best and now up-to-date review of a complex subject (2nd ed)
excellent review of the available data on this difficult subject. Lots of evidence based data and peer reviewed literature is used as the basis of discussion of this controversial subject. Highly recommended although it may also raise more questions that it answers. The authors are highly qualified (Prof at MIT with experience in environmental affairs and practicing MD allergist)

Excellent resource
Of all that I have read on the subject of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS), this is by far the most cogent, balanced, organized, and complete summary of information on this mysterious medical phenomenon. I would recommend it to anyone who suffers from MCS, TILT, CFIDS, or any of the constellation of related supposedly "psychological" symptomologies, including depression, anxiety disorder, or bi-polar illness. Read it BEFORE you spend another nickel on supplements, vitamins, or anti-depressant drugs!

The best source for the latest science & policy info on MCS!
The 2nd edition of Chemical Exposures reviews all sides of the MCS debate--with much new information on scientific and policy developments since the first edition. I recommend it highly for patients, physicians, and policy makers. --Albert Donnay, Exec. Director, MCS Referral & Resources ... Read more

Book Description

This book is the latest in the Ceramics Monthly Handbook series. It contains all the best materials on raku published from 1974 to the present. Along with feature articles on techniques and artist profiles, you'll find a comprehensive selection of suggestions from readers along with thoroughly researched answers to readers' questions concerning all aspects of the raku process. The book includes techniques by accomplished raku artists, glaze recipe, and many photos of finished work. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Seminal Work: The Principles of Green Chemistry
This is the seminal reference on the widely invoked "12 Principles of Green Chemistry." This book is written by cofounders of the EPA Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Award,": a Synthetic Chemist and an expert in Environmental Policy. This book is unique in delivering a broad purview of industry practices as it pertains to the environment in a succinct manner. This is enabled by the distillation of the "12 Principles" which is an excellent organizing scheme. A key finding is the interdependency of the Principles and how they drive improved business performance for adopters.

"The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry" is invoked as a mantra for a revolution in the practice and methodologies of synthetic chemistry by research centers and innovators throughout the world. Driving even a few of these principles into practice has become a furtive source of product and process innovations in the field. The text is often cited in technical papers and thus a key reference book.

The narrative is accessible while providing rich examples ripe for follow-up investigation by technical readers.

As a technology strategist I highly recommend "Green Chemistry: Theory and Practice" for its insight regarding the drivers of the future development of the chemical and materials industries. ... Read more

Book Description

Medicinal Chemistry: An Introduction, provides a comprehensive, balanced introduction to this exciting, evolving and multi-disciplinary field. This text assumes little prior knowledge of medicinal chemistry and keeps the approach as simple as possible. Focusing on the chemical principles used for drug discovery and design, it also covers human biology where relevant. Each chapter has a summary of its contents, self-assessment questions, numerous examples and applications. ... Read more

Reviews (2)

great book, but lots of errors
As an undergraduate text for medicinal chemistry, I think this book is the best in the market. It's appropriate for students who have only had two semesters of organic chemistry. The layout is logical. Aside from chapter 7 (chelating agents), the first nine chapters are at least decent and mostly very good. Chapter 10 (nucleic acids) and 11 (nitric oxide) probably belong more in a biochem text than a med chem book. Chapter 12 (organic synthesis) is well out of the scope of this book and falls flat.

The book has a huge number of errors. Most of which are in the chemical figures and will not bother anyone unless they like looking at structures. Some of the errors involve the mathematic equations and could cause trouble for a student who isn't paying attention.

The only major complaint I have about the book is that chapter 5 (pharmacokinetics) is almost completely devoid of units on the variables in the equations and graphs. Proper use of units would greatly help a student in learning material in this chapter.

While not perfect, this book is very good for a junior/senior upper-level chemistry course.

IT BRIMS WITH QUALITY 'ACTIVE INGREDIENTS'
Accompanied by elaborated worked examples, as well as self-assessment questions, the components of this book are complete. It introduces its reader to the underlying principles of drugs discovery and development, using the simplest possible method. Each one of its illustrated chapters included content-summary at the end of that chapter.
From pharmaceutical chemistry to pharmacological kinetics, the introductory scope of this book is unique. Sound narrations regarding methods of Drug Discovery, Combinatorial Synthesis, Drug Action, Receptor Structure and Signal Transduction, as well as many others, gave this book a top niche in my scale of text preferences.
Its price is reasonable, and its pages are overflowing with pieces of hard-to-beat information. I will not hesitate to recommend this book for pharmacy students; and for any other person who takes introductory pharmacology course. It is very sound. ... Read more

Book Description

Tiny devices with huge potential!

New concepts of chemical synthesis have led to an increasing demand for miniaturization and more complex systems. Microreaction technology is a hot topic as it opens completely new possibilities for chemical engineering, combinatorial chemistry, and biotechnology. Small, inexpensive, independent, and versatile devices ensure many reactions achieve maximum selectivity, minimum waste, minimum investment, a better control of the process, safe manufacture and production on demand - to create a more efficient process.

This book outlines the fabrication techniques of microfluidic components, unit operations of micro-chemical engineering and current world-wide activities. Requirements with respect to needs of the chemical industry have been included.

Chemists, chemical engineers, biotechnologists, process engineers, microsystem technologists in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry and academia, as well as manufacturers of analytical instruments, will find this book a state-of- the-art review of this extremely interesting and rapidly developing field. ... Read more

Book Description

The rising trend towards the operation of packed towers in separation processes was initiated after the energy crisis in the seventies. This book is the first of its kind which treats all the important theoretical and practical aspects for the calculation, design and operation of these packed towers.

The main applications of packed towers are in the separation of gas-liquid or vapour-liquid systems. This book considers all features of packed towers for industrial separation plants that can be used in process and environmental technology. It includes a comprehensive treatment of packed-bed technology and the advantages of packed towers, such as the application of improved methods for energy saving purposes, environmental protection measures and the revamping of existing plants, are clearly outlined.

The methods presented are based on sound physical and mathematical modelling, the validity of which have been confirmed by numerous experimental investigations performed in laboratories and pilot plants and then scaled up to meet practical, industrial requirements. ... Read more

Book Description

This text provides the graduate student with a systematic guide to unravelling structural information from the NMR spectra of unknown synthetic and natural compounds.

A brief introduction gives an overview of the basic principles and elementary instrumental methods of NMR. This is followed by instructional strategy and tactical advice on how to translate spectra into meaningful structural information. The book provides the student with 55 sets of spectra of graduated complexity. These are designed to challenge the student's problem-solving abilities by the introduction of new concepts with each group of problems, followed by possible solutions and full explanations. A formula index of solutions is provided at the end of the text.

This third edition, following on from the second (a reprint of the first edition with corrections), presents significant new material. Thus, actual methods of two-dimensional NMR such as some inverse techniques of heteronuclear shift correlation, as well as the detection of proton-proton connectivities and nuclear Overhauser effects are included. To demonstrate the applications of these methods, new problems have replaced those of previous editions. ... Read more

Book Description

Polymers may be classified as either homopolymers, consisting of one single repeating unit, or copolymers, consisting of two or more distinct repeating units. Block copolymers contain long contiguous blocks of two or more repeating units in the same polymer chain. Covering one of the hottest topics in polymer chemistry, Block Copolymers provides a coherent overview of the synthetic routes, physical properties, and applications of block copolymers.
This pioneering text provides not only a guideline for developing synthetic strategies for creating block copolymers with defined characteristics, but also a key to the relationship between the physical properties of block copolymers and the structure and dynamics of materials. Covering features of the chemistry and physics of block copolymers that are not found in comparable texts, Block Copolymers illustrates the structure-activity relationship of block copolymers and offers suggestions for the design of specific applications. Divided into five sections–Block Copolymers includes chapters on:

• Block Copolymers by Chemical Modification of Precursor Polymers
  
• Nonlinear Block Copolymers
  
• Adsorption of Block Copolymers at Solid-Liquid Interfaces
  
• Theory of Block Copolymer Segregation
  
• Phase Transformation Kinetics
  
• Block Copolymer Morphology
  
• Block Copolymer Dynamics

Polymer chemists, physicists, chemical engineers, and materials scientists, as well as graduate students in polymer science, will find Block Copolymers to be an invaluable text. ... Read more

Book Description

What would life be like without color? Ever since one can think back, color has always accompanied mankind. Dyes - originally obtained exclusively from natural sources - are today also produced synthetically on a large scale and represent one of the very mature and traditional sectors of the chemical industry.

The present reference work on Industrial Dyes provides a comprehensive review of the chemistry, properties and applications of the most important groups of industrial dyes, including optical brighteners. It also outlines the latest developments in the area of functional dyes.

Renowned experts in their respective fields have contributed to the chapters on chemical chromophores, synthesis and application of the various dye classes, textile dyeing and non-textile dyeing.

The book is aimed at all professionals who are involved in the synthesis, production, manufacture or application of dyes and will prove to be an indispensable guide to all chemists, engineers and technicians in dye science and industry. ... Read more