Book Description

Since its invention in 1982, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has enabled users to obtain images reflecting surface electronic structure with atomic resolution. This technology has proved indispensable as a characterization tool with applications in surface physics, chemistry, materials science, bio-science, and data storage media.It has also shown great potential in areas such as the semiconductor and optical quality control industries.Scanning Force Microscopy, Revised Edition updates the earlier edition's survey of the many rapidly developing subjects concerning the mapping of a variety of forces across surfaces, including basic theory, instrumentation, and applications. It also includes important new research in STM and a thoroughly revised bibliography.Academic and industrial researchers using STM, or wishing to know more about its potential, will find this book an excellent introduction to this rapidly developing field. ... Read more

Book Description

''This conference was one of the first tangible results of the end of the Cold War in the field of microscopy. As such, it attracted agreat many of those who constitute the vanguard of progress in the field of fluorescence microscopy, on both sides of the East--West divide...The book is very nicely produced, with readable type and useful halftones...In addition, it introduces to the West a number of imaginative scientists whom we will doubtless hear more about in the future.'' --- Microscopy and Microanalysis, March/April 1998 ... Read more

Book Description

This book presents the basics of MR practice and theory in a unique way: backwards! The subject is approached just as a new practitioner typically encounters MRI: from images, equipment, and scanning protocols, rather than pages of dry physics theory. The reader is brought immediately face-to-face with issues pertinent to practice; filling in the theoretical background as their experience of scanning grows. Key ideas are introduced in an intuitive manner that is faithful to the underlying physics but avoids the need for difficult or distracting mathematics. Additional explanations for the more technically inquisitive are given in optional secondary text boxes. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Picture to Proton, The Right Way Round
Anyone who has tried to teach MR to non-physicists is used to two dilemas.
How do you keep a student interested while you lay the "necessary groundwork" to explain MRI ?
How do you give craft an intuitive explanation without oversimplifications that can be hard to explain away later?
These authors find a way. They present MR in the way we experience it, starting with the questions everyone faces first about images, contrast resolutionm, and using those questions to guide a path to the mechanisms of image production, signal generation and manipulation.
The easy flowing style underlines the skill and credibility of the authors, while side boxes offer historical perspectives and deeper treatment of key topics.
IMHO, This the perfect first text, and a great desk reference for all MR users. ... Read more

Book Description

Techniques of Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy was first published in 1967. In the three decades since, the techniques associated with vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy have been greatly expanded. Originally published as two volumes in the serial "Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences," Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy combines in one paperback volume information on the many advances in vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) research. In addition, the book provides students and researchers with concise reviews of the important aspects of designing experiments in the VUV region.
This is the only comprehensive treatise describing the use of synchrotron and other light sources for research, along with the new technologies in optical elements, multilayers, mirror coatings, soft x-ray zone plates, VUV detectors, interferometric spectrometers, and subjects such as spectromicroscopy, lithography, and photon-induced fluorescence. Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy is an ideal handbook both for the beginner and for the experienced researcher in any field requiring the use of VUV radiation.

Key Features
* Detailed review of synchrotron radiation sources including undulators and wigglers
* Comprehensive outline of monochromator design
* Concise review of optics theory for multilayers, spectrometers, and zone plates
* Information about other important VUV sources such as laser produced plasmas and Electron Beam Ion Trap (EBIT) sources
* Applications such as spectromicroscopy, lithography, and fluorescence ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Extremely useful
This consolidation of Volumes 31 and 32 from the "Experimental Methods.." series is the definitive book for anyone delving into the experimental methods and equipment of spectroscopy. It covers everything from optics and ray tracing to data acquisition techniques and lithography, with each contribution written by experts in their respective fields.

A must-have for graduate students and beginners trying to get their bearings, and also a great reference book for those who have their bearings (and their Ph.D.). ... Read more

Book Description

Includes light and the microscope, some accessories for advanced work, polarized light and the polarizer, instructive practice in manipulation, methods of studying fresh objects, mounting objects for the microscope, practice mounting, botanical sections, sections of animal tissues, chemical crystals, rock sections by simple means, the study of bacteria, the study of bacteria, culture methods and photo micrography. ... Read more

Book Description

Recent technological advances in synchrotron and neutron sources, detectors, and computer hardware and software have made possible diffraction techniques which collect data at successive moments in time. This is the first book to bring together reviews and research articles covering the three branches of time-resolved diffraction--X-ray, electron, and neutron field.Time-Resolved Diffraction covers gases, liquids, amorphous solids, fibers, and crystals and does so in a multidisciplinary framework which includes examples from molecular biology and chemistry, as well as techniques from physics and materials science.The varioustime scales of data collection cover ten orders of magnitude, from the sub-pico domain to the kilosecond. Research scientists and graduate students will find this book the most complete compendium of work in this developing field. ... Read more

Book Description

In the nineteenth century, scientific practice underwent a dramatic transformation from personal endeavor to business enterprise. In Spectrum of Belief, Myles Jackson explores this transformation through a sociocultural history of the rise of precision optics in Germany. He uses the career of the optician Joseph von Fraunhofer (1787-1826) to probe the relationship between science and society, and between artisans and experimental natural philosophers, during this important transition.

Fraunhofer came from a long line of glassmakers. Orphaned at age eleven, the young apprentice moved in with his master, the court decorative glass cutter. At age nineteen, bored with his work and angered by his master's refusal to allow him to study optical theory, Fraunhofer took a position at the Optical Institute assisting in the manufacture of achromatic lenses. Within ten years he was producing the world's finest achromatic lenses and prisms.

Housed in an old Benedictine monastery, Fraunhofer's laboratory mirrored the labor of the monks. Because of his secrecy (after his death, even those who had worked most closely with him could not achieve his success), British experimental natural philosophers were unable to reproduce his work. This secrecy, while guaranteeing his institute's monopoly, thwarted Fraunhofer's attempts to gain credibility within the scientific community, which looked down on artisanal work and its clandestine practices as an affront. The response to the ensuing rise of German optical technology sheds light on crucial social, economic, and political issues of the period, such as mechanization, patent law reform, the role of skills in both physics and society, the rise of Mechanics' Institutes, and scientific patronage. After his death, Fraunhofer's example was used in the newly united Germany to argue for the merging of scientific research and technological innovation with industrial and state support. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Genius at Work
You must read this book because it greatly adds knowledge to your brain. I had the great fortune to witness Myles Jackson teach, and easily reccomed this book to all. ... Read more

Book Description

'The editors have done a fine job assembling a variety of contributions of varied style, topics, and current relevance into a coherent whole. The quality of the images, typesetting are all excellent and the book is organized in a thoughtful way.' --Scanning ... Read more

Book Description

Since 1984, ZEKE (ZEro Kinetic Energy) spectroscopy has matured into a very high resolution spectroscopy for the study of cations, anions, and indirectly through these species, neutrals--including very short lived intermediates in chemical rections.It has even yielded the first direct spectroscopic data on elusive transition states of chemical reactions. This is the first book to describe ZEKE spectroscopy, a new high resolution spectroscopy of molecular ions, neutral short-lived intermediates, and other species.The author's approach is to use a minimum of equations and large numbers of figures to help the reader toward a basic understanding of the many unique concepts of this new form of spectroscopy and the new spectroscopic information that it provides. This book will be of interest to anyone interested in the spectroscopy of ions or neutrals, particularly short-lived neutrals, formed from these ions.It should also be of interest to reaction kineticists interested in the study of reactions involving such highly state selected species. ... Read more

Book Description

This authoritative reference covers 325 scientific instruments ranging from antiquity to the present, and from the mundane to the highly sophisticated.Entries explain how they work and trace their invention, development, distribution and use.Fully illustrated and complete with bibliographies, it will be particularly useful to students and scholars of modern science and technology.Reflecting contemporary practice, it examines instruments used for testing and monitoring, as well as those used for research, and even considers a number of widely used laboratory organisms (such as drosophila and e.coli) as instruments. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

An ambitious work that leaves much to be desired
One has to celebrate the publication of a book like this, becuse of the scarcity of the information available on this subject. The book is relatively big (709 p.), more expensive than big ($150) and of course hasquite an amount of interesting information.

But it is probably asimportant to highlight its shortcomings, which show how much remains to bedone. I do not pretend to do a general review, for which I am not qualifiedand that is quite impossible in a work of encyclopedic pretense like thisone. I will restrain my commentary mainly to the treatment of the field ofelectricity and magnetism, which I suppose has its importance in scientificinstrumentation and does not lack in amount and variety of instruments byitself. Its reflection in this book is very unfair and inadequate, in myopinion. All the entries that begin with"Electricity-Electrostatic" span a mere 20 pages, 7 of which arededicated to medical applications (electrocardiograph,electroencephalograph, electromyograph and electroretinograph, to beprecise). One will search in vain, on the contrary, for any mention to theelectron tube, or valve, or thermionic device. The totality of what theeditors and the authors have to say about radio waves and related topics isincluded under the clumsy entry of "Radio Wave Detector". Herethe whole history of electromagnetism and of radio is dispatched in littlemore than one page, including all its apparatuses and "science".In this egregious page one finds the only mention I have been able tolocate to the "thermionic diode" and the "triode", butnot one reference to galena or silicon or germanium. Coils, resistors,resonance, oscillators or quartz crystals are not even mentioned per se. The arbitrariness of the selection of voices and of the espace allocated toindividual items is reflected in the fact that "oscilloscope" ,for a contrary instance, has an entry for itself of a full page an a half.Under the entry "Current meter" it is only spoken about devicesto measure water flows.

Another example of what I consider a total lackof perspective could be the fact that almost 10 pages are devoted toseveral types of compass, whereas the whole subject of clocks is dispatchedin 5 pages. The editors try to explain in the Introduction how they havemanaged to handle the question of What is a Scientific Instrument? Theexplanation is not very clear and the results reflect this. Whereas it isprobably fashionable among historians of science and museum curators toconsider "Escherichia coli" as a "scientificinstrument", this kind of boutades and trade jokes should not justifythe lack of rigour in the treatment of what are, and have always been,undeniable instruments of science. The book is a conglomerate of fairindividual cards, but nobody seems to have taken care of the equilibrium ofthe whole file. For having so many illustrious authors, the work is quitepoor, superficial and deceiving.

Cross-references are practicallynonexistent and the main index is of no much help unfortunately forbridging the lacunae, being for the most part a mere reproduction of theentries of a work that is by itself alphabetically ordered. The typography,printing and other production aspects of the book are of good quality. ... Read more

Book Description

This Proceedings volume contains extended abstracts of all the papers presented at the Microscopy and Microanalysis 2002 meeting held in Québec City, Québec, Canada on August 4-9, 2002.This meeting was a joint event comprising the 60th Annual Meeting of the Microscopy Society of America, the 36th Annual Meeting of the Microbeam Analysis Society, the 29th Annual Meeting of the Microscopy Society of Canada/Société de Microscopie du Canada and the 35th Annual Meeting of the International Metallographic Society.The Proceedings consists of both a printed volume containing the extended abstracts of all invited papers as well as a searchable CD-ROM containing the extended abstracts of all papers presented at the meeting. ... Read more

Book Description

Diatomic molecules are important to the physical sciences because they are the basic building blocks of large molecules.Many of the principles which underly our understanding of chemical bonds in molecules were first developed by studying diatomic systems. Starting from fundamental principles, this book develops a theory that analyzes the energy levels of diatomic molecules and summarizes the many experimental methods used to study the spectra of these molecules in the gaseous state. ... Read more

Book Description

Presents a unified theoretical treatment, which is complete and rigorous but nonetheless readable. The theoretical treatment requires a variety of mathematical and physical tools. To keep the main text uncluttered, these tools are developed in comprehensive Appendices to which cross-references are made in the main text. These Appendices also ensure that the main text is useful to readers with a wide variety of scientific backgrounds and experience. These include not only spectroscopists, but also chemists, physicists, biochemists and analytical chemists. The presentation is such that postgraduate and postdoctoral students as well as more established research workers will find it valuable.

About the Author
The author was formerly Professor of Structural Chemistry and Director of the Molecular Spectroscopy unit in the University of Bradford. He is distinguished for his original scientific work in a number of areas of Raman spectroscopy. His book, 'Raman Spectroscopy', published in 1978 and long out of print, was highly successful. He has been co-editor of many books including the Specialist Reports on Molecular Spectroscopy, published by the Royal Society of Chemistry; he retired as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy in December 1999.

  ... Read more

Book Description

Since scientific software is the fuel that drives today's computers to solve a vast range of problems, huge efforts are being put into the development of new software, systems and algorithms for scientific problem solving. This book explores how scientific software impacts the structure of mathematics, how it creates new subfields, and how new classes of mathematical problems arise. The focus is on five topics where the impact is currently being felt and where important new challenges exist, namely: the new subfield of parallel and geometric computations, the emergence of symbolic computation systems into "general" use, the potential emergence of new, high-level mathematical systems, and the crucial question of how to measure the performance of mathematical problem solving tools. ... Read more