Book Description

Recent advances in our understanding of complex composite media, especially chiral media for microwave applications, suggest the feasibility of creating novel materials with unusual properties and the possibility of constructing new microwave devices using such materials. The emphasis of the book is on bi-anisotropic materials, whose most interesting feature is the magnetoelectric interaction of the fields. The materials are expected to supply useful applications in radar technology, aerospace, microwave engineering, manufacturing technology, etc., such as absorbers for low-reflectivity shields, reciprocal phase shifters, polarization transformers. The first experiments with artificial bi-anisotropic media have been successfully carried out. ... Read more

Book Description

Two key words for mechanical engineering in the future are Micro and Intelligence.Materials and structures, which have self-sensing diagnosis and actuating system, called intelligent or smart, are of growing importance in advanced technology. The IUTAM symposium on Dynamics of Advanced Materials and Smart Structures aimed at a fusion of materials and structures toward their intelligence. This book represents the symposium highlights, which consist of 45 papers presented by distinguished researchers from 17 countries. The papers are ranging from the materials science for sensor and actuator, such as active fluid, polymer, piezoelectric, shape memory and functionally graded materials, to structural dynamics and shape control, but also to bio-structures and mathematical modelling for highly coupled phenomena. This book will be of interest to researchers and engineers from theoretical and applied mechanics and many other disciplines and also provides fresh ideas for engineers engaged with sound-, vibration- and shape controls in advanced industry. ... Read more

Book Description

This is the Proceedings of the IUTAM Symposium on Creep inStructures, held at Nagoya, 3-7 April 2000, which is the 5th one ofthis series of the IUTAM Symposia organized every then years since1960. The present Proceedings contains 48 innovative papers presentedat the 5th Symposium, in which 91 participants from 15 countriesparticipated to consolidate the development of creep research since1990 and to discuss the new horizons in this fundamental field ofapplied mechanics in the coming century. The papers contained dealwith (1) physical and microstructural process of creep,viscoplasticity and creep damage related to their modeling, (2)elaborated constitutive equations of time-dependent deformation anddamage, (3) creep damage and fracture of engineering materials andstructures, (4) computational modeling, simulation, analysis anddesign of structures in creep, and (5) creep of polymers, composites,and heterogeneous materials. This volume is useful for researchers andgraduate course students in the relevant fields. ... Read more

Book Description

Two emerging technologies promise to transform the world in ways that will make the breakthroughs of the 20th century seem pedestrian. One has existed for less than 50 years and is called nanotechnology. The other has existed for 4,000 years and is called Kabbalah. On the surface, they seem to be divergent, even contradictory technologies. But in fact, they are complementary in the most profound ways possible. One promises to deliver a practical technology and a transformed world in the distant future. The other promises practical tools and remarkable changes now. In this book, Kabbalist Rav Berg isolates the common points of science and spirit to reveal the elusive path toward achieving humanity's noblest and most challenging aspiration - the manipulation of the physical world. The potential uses are staggering: pollution reversal, elimination of disease and genetic defects, eradication of poverty, microscopic computers faster than today's best supercomputers, and the indefinite extension of the human lifespan. ... Read more

Book Description

Text provides tools well-suited for the quantitative investigation of semiconductor electron microscopy. Focuses on new methods, including strain state analysis and evaluation of composition via the CELFA technique. ... Read more

Book Description

The book addresses the subject of elastoplastic solids and structures undergoing infinitesimal deformations. Problems of this class are associated with the design of structures in civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering. In this connection, the interest lies in the stress analysis rather than in the process of deformation. The purpose of the book is two-fold: to present essential elements of the theory of elastoplastic systems, and to introduce modern computational techniques for elastoplastic analysis.

The text on the theory of plasticity refers to the course on elastoplastic structures taught by the author at the University of Stuttgart. The parts dealing with computational finite element methods reflect the author's research and development work on the subject. It has been imparted to commercial finite element software for large-scale systems.

In the theoretical part, the reader is introduced to the characteristics of elastoplastic materials and systems, and their mathematical description. Appropriate space is provided to the description of the material behavior as the key issue for understanding the elastoplastic response of solids, and for its significance in developing computational solution algorithms. The characteristic response of elastoplastic structures is considered, and is followed by the presentation of the equations governing elastoplastic continua. Some specific cases are discussed. The remainder of the theoretical part is devoted to the subject of load-carrying capacity and the behavior under time-variant loading condition.

The part on the computational stress analysis starts with an outline of the finite element systematic and demonstrates the elastic algorithm as a reference for the elastoplastic case. Computational procedures accounting for incremental plastic flow are presented next, and are followed by a discussion on the numerical properties of various approaches.

Theory and algorithms are extended to other aspects of inelastic material behavior as well. They include the influence of temperature and time, and touch the subject of pressure-sensitive materials. In conclusion, the application of finite element techniques is demonstrated for a number of representative problems from engineering practice.

The book is mainly educational in nature. The subject is gradually developed from classical theory towards modern computational techniques, introducing the respective notation and systematic. Throughout the text, simple examples accompany the theory either for an introduction to the matter under consideration, or for subsequent elucidation. Where appropriate, an attempt is made to present plasticity by pointing out differences to customary elastic response. Rather than providing specific analytical solutions to engineering problems, the book develops the essential theoretical framework required for understanding elastoplastic behavior, global finite element computational ... Read more

Book Description

Phase transformations in solids typically lead to surprising mechanical behaviour with far reaching technological applications. The mathematical modeling of these transformations in the late 80s initiated a new field of research in applied mathematics, often referred to as mathematical materials science, with deep connections to the calculus of variations and the theory of partial differential equations. This volume gives a brief introduction to the essential physical background, in particular for shape memory alloys and a special class of polymers (nematic elastomers). Then the underlying mathematical concepts are presented with a strong emphasis on the importance of quasiconvex hulls of sets for experiments, analytical approaches, and numerical simulations ... Read more

Book Description

This book gives state-of-the-art information about recent developments in the field of computational modeling of solid materials at finite strains. It contains papers presented at the IUTAM Symposium on Computational Mechanics of Solid Materials at Large Strains. Today, computational methods and simulation techniques play a central role in advancing the understanding of complex material behavior. Material behavior is nowadays modeled in the strongly nonlinear range by taking into account finite strains, complex hysteresis effect, fracture phenomena and multiscale features. Progress in this field is of fundamental importance for many engineering disciplines, especially those concerned with material testing, safety, reliability and serviceability analyses of engineering structures. This book summarizes recent progress in the modeling of solid materials undergoing deformations large strains, where the mathematical and computational analysis is highly challenging due to the nonlinear geometry. A further key aspect of the volume is the modeling of multiscale characteristics of materials by homogenization approaches and variational methods. The volume provides a state of the art survey about theoretical and computational approaches to (i) modeling of large-strain elastic and inelastic deformations of solids on different length scales, (ii) mathematical analysis of finite inelastic deformations of solids based on incremental variational formulations for non-convex problems with microstructure developments and (iii) homogenization methods for the determination of effective overall properties of heterogeneous materials. The book allows researchers and engineers to get an excellent overview about the computational methods for solid materials at finite strains. ... Read more

Book Description

Mathematical Modelling of Microfabrication Systems addresses the modelling of systems that are important to the fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures. Selected topics are ion beam micromachining, x-ray lithography, laser chemical vapor deposition, photopolymerization, laser ablation, and thin films. Models simulating the behavior of these systems are presented and discussed in the light of experimental results. Knowledge gained from such models is essential for system operation and optimization. This book is unique in focusing on high aspect ratio microtechnology. It will be invaluable to scientists, engineers, graduate students, and manufacturers engaged in research and development related to high aspect ratio microfabrication technology. ... Read more

Book Description

This book examines the physics, chemistry, and structure-property relationships of nanomaterials, as well as nanoscale electronics and photonics devices. It also discusses metal and semiconductor clusters, composites, thin films, and molecular engineering. ... Read more

Book Description

This textbook develops the concepts of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) that are important for the characterization of materials. It emphasizes themes common to both techniques, such as scattering from atoms, wave interference, and the formation and analysis of diffraction patterns. It explains the uniqueness of each technique, especially imaging and spectroscopy in the TEM. Simple citations of rules are avoided as much as possible, and both practical and theoretical issues are explained in detail. The book can be used as both an introductory and advanced-level graduate text since sections/chapters are sorted according to difficulty and grouped for use in quarter and semester courses on TEM and XRD. Numerous problems are provided at the end of each chapter to reinforce key concepts, and solutions are available to instructors. Appendices provide procedures for introductory laboratory exercises, and up-to-date tabulations of physical data useful for TEM and XRD. ... Read more

Book Description

Mossbauer spectroscopy is uniquely able to probe hyperfine interactions by looking at the short-range order of resonant atoms. Materials containing an appropriate isotope as one of their constituent atoms, such as iron or tin, are readily investigated. But even materials that do not contain Mossbauer-active atoms can be investigated if the probe atoms are incorporated in minor quantities (ca. 0.1 at.-%) to act as molecular-level indicators.These 35 papers collected here represent a state-of-the-art description of Mossbauer spectroscopy techniques applied to advanced materials. The topics covered comprise investigations of nanomaterials, nanoparticles, and quasicrystals, artificially structured materials as well as applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy in chemistry, mineralogy and metallurgy. The main aim of is the dissemination of information on research and recent developments of the method in materials science as obtained in leading Mossbauer laboratories. ... Read more