Book Description

The aesthetically pleasing molecular architectures of fullerenes and nanotubes are appealing not only because of their beauty but also because they are responsible for the many unprecedented chemical and physical properties of this compound class. Although succession of exciting new discoveries continues unabated fullerene research has become a mature science. It is now possible to predict fullerene chemistry, to design new structure variations like open fullerene clusters, heterofullerenes and endohedral fullerenes, and to develop fullerene materials and modified nanotubes with high potential for technological applications. This volume represents the state-of-the-art of fullerene research, focussing on areas showing high potential for future growth and practical applications. The authors are leading scientists whose groups are making major contributions in the field. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

FULLERENES AND RELATED STRUCTURES
The book is a new and fresh contributed volume on fullerene chemistry, consisting of six individual chapters. The chapters are devoted to selected attractive topics from fullerene organic chemistry and materials science. The volume deals primarily with fullerene derivatives rather than with pristine fullerenes.

The book opens with a chapter on principles of fullerene reactivity written by A. Hirsch. The chapter surveys present knowledge and reactivity principles linked to the geometric and electronic properties. The principles are summarized into six reactivity rules (pyramidalization, electronegativity, bond alternation, regiochemistry of additions, higher adducts, inert concave surface - chemical Faraday cage).

Y. Rubin discusses ring opening reactions of fullerenes and designed approaches to endohedral metal complexes. He argues that ring opening reactions actually have the potential to provide easy access to endohedral metallofullerenes on a large scale (including those with transition metals). Although several problems still have to be addressed in order to form widely open orifices, they do not seem insurmountable.

The state of the art in heterofullerene chemistry is reviewed by J. C. Hummelen, C. Bellavia-Lund and F. Wudl. They in particular deal with azafullerenes - the synthetic routes towards aza[60]fullerene and aza[70]fullerene and their derivatives. Physicochemical properties of azafullerenes are also surveyed, and heterofullerenes other than azafullerenes are briefly summarized.

Higher fullerenes, their covalent chemistry and chirality are treated by C. Thilgen and F. Diederich. As a number of pure adducts of C76, C78 and C84 has been isolated, reactivity as well as regioselectivity principles begin to emerge for higher fullerenes. A particular attention is paid to the structural assignment of C76 enantiomers through comparison of the observed and calculated circular dichroism spectra.

Potential applications of fullerenes and fullerene derivatives in materials science are reviewed by M. Prato. New opportunities arise from combinations of fullerenes with other classes of materials like polymers, electro- or photo-active units, liquid crystals, etc. Thin films and electro-optical devices represent two particularly interesting topics.

In the last chapter, M. Terrones, W. K. Hsu, H. W. Kroto and D. R. M. Walton present a broad review of nanotubes. The chapter summarizes achievements in nanotube technology, not only various routes to carbon nanotubes but also the creation of novel nanotubules, nanowires and nanorods containing other elements such as B, N, Si, O, Mo, S and W. These remarkable advances are opening the way to nanoscale technology and promise to provide a wide spectrum of applications.

The volume has 246 pages, is published as the 199th issue in the series Topics in Current Chemistry, and represents a substantial addition to the fullerene literature.

ISBN 3-540-64939-5 ... Read more

Book Description

From the point of view of mechanics, this monograph systematically demonstrates the theory of plastic bending and its engineering applications; most of the contents of the book are based on the authors' research in the past decade. The monograph not only expounds the contributions of the authors to the fundamental theory of plastic bending, but also presents various applications of the theory in sheet metal forming, particularly in the analysis and prediction of springback and wrinkling of strips and plates subjected to bending or stamping. In addition to theoretical modelling, attention has also been paid to the development of related numerical methods; comparisons with experimental results are also presented. ... Read more

Book Description

Three-dimensional theory of deformable bodies stability, as it is treated in this book, comprises general issues, methods of solving, and solutions of problems in the context of the three-dimensional linearised equations, i.e. without reducing the problem to lower dimensions. Stability criteria corresponding to those of the well developed theory of thin-walled structures are used. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of the three-dimensional theory is the investigation of states which cannot be treated by a theory of thin-walled structures. The other one is the estimation of accuracy of stability theories of lower dimensions. ... Read more

Book Description

This book is an excellent introduction to density functional theory for electrons. Largely written in review style, it will also serve as an excellent overview of recent developments.Nonrelativistic and relativistic approaches are discussed and conventional ground-state as well as polarization density functional and time-dependent density functional formalisms are introduced. A careful discussion of the exchange-correlation functional and approximations is presented and a chapter is devoted to an analysis of hybrid wavefunction/density-functional approximations. ... Read more

Reviews (1)

OK guide to DFT
I read this book to help me study for my Ph.D. comprehensive exams.It is slightly outdated for this field (published in 1997), and I would not recommend someone to read this book.The topics in it are covered in more detail in other texts.As a proceedings of a summer school in theoretical physics, the level of math and physics is probably beyond most non-physics majors.This book is not suitable for someone who is learning DFT, which I find surprising since this book is from a summer school.This book is more suitable for experienced hands; people who have several years of DFT simulations under their belt. ... Read more

Book Description

EPITAXY OF NANOSTRUCTURES focuses on the physical mechanisms behind the spontaneous formation of ordered nanostructures at semiconductor surfaces. These mechanisms are at the root of recent breakthroughs in advanced nanotechnology of quantum-wire and quantum-dot fabrication. Generic theoretical models are presented addressing formation of all basic types of nanostructures, including periodically faceted surfaces, arrays of step-bunches of equal heights and single- and multi-sheet arrays of both 2D and 3D strained islands. Decisive experiments on both structural and optical characterization of nanostructures are discussed to verify theoretical models and link them to practical examples. The book also describes experimental tools in nanoengineering that enable one to intentionally control the parameters of self-organized nanostructures, such as chemical composition, shape, size, density and relative arrangement of quantum dots and wires. Practical applications of nanoepitaxial technologies are discussed in the framework of recent advances in quantum dot lasers. ... Read more

Book Description

This book contains the most recent information on optical nanoscopy. Far-Field and Near-Field properties on e.m. waves are presented which illustrate how optical images can be obtained from sub-micron objects. Scanning Probe techniques and computer processing are covered here. An explanation is given on how propagating photons or evanescent waves can behave over distances shorter than the wavelength, taking into account the presence of small objects. Quantum tunneling of photons is explained comparatively with the electron mechanism. Technical details are given on photon tunneling microscopes. Typical results already obtained with these techniques are also described. ... Read more

Book Description

This book introduces the use of industrial CMOS processes to produce arrays of nanomechanical cantilever transducers with on-chip driving and signal conditioning circuitry. These cantilevers are familiar from Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) and allow the sensitive detection of physical quantities such as forces and mass changes. The book is divided into three parts. First fabrication aspects and the mechanisms of cantilever resonators are introduced. Of the possible driving and sensing mechanisms, electrothermal and magnetic excitation, as well as piezoresistive detection and the use of MOS transistors for the deflection detection are introduced. This is followed by two application examples: The use of resonant cantilevers for the mass-sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds, and force sensor arrays for parallel Scanning Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) of large areas. ... Read more

Book Description

The principal objectives of the book are to provide an introduction to basic concepts and methodologies for digital photoelasticity and to develop a foundation on which the future researcher and student can develop his own ideas and promote research in formulation of problems in digital photoelasticity and application of these techniques to industries. Particular care has been taken to give a clear, straightforward, and simple presentation of various topics. In one volume it provides data acquisition by DIP techniques, data analysis by statistical techniques, data presentation by computer graphics and the use of Rapid Prototyping technologies to enhance the speed of the entire process. The book not only presents the various techniques but also provides time-tested software codes for important techniques. Exercises designed to support and extend the treatment have been placed at the end of each chapter. ... Read more

Book Description

The 14th International Conference on Wear of Materials took place in Washington, DC, USA, 30 March - 3 April 2003. These proceedings contain over two-hundred peer reviewed papers containing the best research, technical developments and engineering case studies from around the world. Biomaterials and nano-tribology receive special attention in this collection reflecting the general trends in the field. Further highlights include a focus on the new generation of instrumentation to probe wear at increasingly small scales. Approximately ninety communications and case studies, a popular format for the academic community have also been included, enabling the inclusion of the most up-to-date research.

*Over 200 peer-reviewed papers including hot topics such as biomaterials and nano-tribology
*Keeping you up-to-date with the latest research from leading experts
*Includes communications and case studies ... Read more

Book Description

This textbook describes the physics of the plastic deformation of solids at high temperatures. It is directed at geologists or geophysicists interested in the high-temperature behaviour of crystals who wish to become acquainted with the methods of materials science in so far as they are useful to earth scientists. It explains the most important models and recent experimental results without losing the reader in the primary literature of materials science. In turn the book deals with the essential solid-state physics; thermodynamics and hydrostatics of creep; creep models and their applications in the geological sciences; diffusion creep; superplastic deformation and deformation enhanced by phase transformations. Five concluding chapters give experimental results for metals, ceramics and minerals. There are extensive bibliographies to aid further study. ... Read more

Book Description

This book will serve as a much needed course book and compact reference in nanostructured materials for academic and industrial readers.

Nanostructured Materials presents exciting opportunities for manipulating structure and properties on the nanometer scale. Written by leading chemical engineers, chemists, physicists, materials scientists, and bioengineers, Nanostructured Materials presents the latest advances in this innovative field.

This book describes a "bottom-up" approach to designing nanostructured systems for a variety of chemical, physical, and biological applications. Each chapter will comprehensively review the state of the art for various aspects of nanostructured materials and also present perspectives for future advances in a major growth area for research sponsored by government and industry. ... Read more

Book Description

The importance of the nanoscale effects has been recognized in materials research for over fifty years, but it is only recently that advanced characterization and fabrication methods are enabling scientists to build structures atom-by-atom or molecule-by molecule. The understanding and control of the nanostructure has been, to a large extent, made possible by new atomistic analysis and characterization methods pioneered by transmission electron microscopy.Nano and Microstructural Design of Advanced Materials focuses on the effective use of such advanced analysis and characterization techniques in the design of materials.

* Teaches effective use of advanced analysis and characterization methods at an atomistic level.

* Contains many supporting examples of materials in which such design concepts have been successfully applied. ... Read more

Book Description

Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE) is now playing an increasing role in our modern global economy; in security sensitive industries, for instance. The complexity of the inspection task and either large or limited lot runs now require more operator-assisted or fully- automated signal processing. This book deals with both fields of expertise: NDE and signal processing.On the signal processing side, in the particular context of NDE applications, the following topics are discussed: sensor fusion, signal knowledge representation, artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, computer vision, integration of numeric and non-numeric informations, parallel decomposition, noise processing and calibration of sensor devices as well as reliability of detection. Some hardware considerations are introduced as well, to discuss platforms on which processing is done.On the NDE side, applications include advances in holographic interferometry, microwave resonance or shearography and also on more traditional NDE techniques such as ultrasonics, infrared techniques, X-ray, computed tomography, Eddy currents. Inverse problems are also discussed.This book is required reading for those who already have some experience in one or both fields (signal processing and/or NDE). ... Read more

Reviews (1)

Book Review
Great book, really helpful for people interested in ultrasonic nondestructive testing (NDT). The book contains good research papers which cover the fundamental theory for ultrasonics in structures and the application as well. Papers are written by the experts in the ultrasonic NDT area. The book is very organized and understandable. Discussions on biomechanics are also included. ... Read more

Book Description

Contents

Overviews on Semiconductor Quantum Structures. Growth and Fabrication. Electronic and Excitonic states. Optical Properties and Related Phenomena. Transport Properties and Related Phenomena. Spin States, Magnetic Properties and Related Phenomena. Quantum Structure Devices and Applications.

Synopsis

This book brings together papers presented by invited speakers at the International Workshop on Physics and Applications of Semiconductor Quantum Structures (18-23 October 1998, Cheju Island, Korea), and covers the most important recent advances in the field. ... Read more